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Annual Report of the 
spring plow it up and plow 6 inches deep, and during the thorough 
harrowing and cultivating you will have it just where you want it. 
I apply this more particularly to corn ground. I think to have 
manure where the young corn will receive the benefit from it early 
in the season is best. I want to cultivate the corn deep when it is 
young, and shallow when it is large. I don’t want to tear up all 
the roots of the corn, hut I do want to cultivate deep in the early 
part of the season, and shallow in the latter part of the season. I 
find that plowing manure in in the fall, and plowing it up again 
in the spring is better. My mode of cultivating has formly been in 
that way, and my rotation of crops is one year in corn, one year in 
clover, and one year in small grain. But the chinch hugs have 
cured me. I have got tired of raising chinch bugs and I don’t pro¬ 
pose to sow any more wheat. I think my neighbors will be foolish 
enough to sow wheat, and I will exchange some of my corn and oats 
with them for their wheat, if they raise any. 
I have a sub soil-plow that has no mold-board to it, and I follow 
the plow with this sub-soiler loosening the soil and leaving it in the 
furrow. That plow loosens the ground 12 to 13 inches deep. The 
horses do not walk on the plowed ground. One horse walks on the 
side, and the other in the furrow, so that there is no packing down 
of the soil, and when the chinch bugs come, no difference what you 
cultivate, they will destroy it; and the looser your soil, the more they 
will breed and destroy your crops. 
Mr. J. M. Smith. I understood from the paper that it was pos¬ 
sible to keep land in good condition by cultivation rather than by 
manure. 
Professor Daniells. They raised in England 21 bushels of bar¬ 
ley to the acre annually, for 20 years, without manure. 
Mr. Smith. I had occasion only a day or two ago to look at 
some comparative statements about wheat, and as I understand, the 
average was about 13 bnshels, and on the plat where farm-yard 
manure was used it was 36|- bushels, and where phosphates, from 35 
to 38, and on the best plat it was 40. Where no manure was used 
13. 
Professor Daniells. I do not want to be understood as saying 
not to use manure, I mean the more, the better; but we can take 
bricks just burnt and pulverize them fine, and still raise corn in that 
brick dust without putting any organic matter in it at all; but of 
