198 WISCONSIN STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
The second season the vines are to be tied securely to the 
stakes, allowing only one cane to grow. When the leaves 
have fallen, prune the canes back to four feet, and laying 
them down for winter, cover them with soil, and mulch liberal¬ 
ly. In dry seasons this mulch, in winter, will be found to be 
of great service, as it prevents the roots from freezing dry. 
A cheap and convenient trellis may be constructed by set¬ 
ting posts between each vine in the row, nailing a strip of lum¬ 
ber, one inch thick, sixteen feet long and two inches wide to 
the top of the posts, live feet from the ground, and a similar 
one four feet below, running the whole length of the row; to 
these nail lath in an upright position, one foot apart. 
The vine we now have is called a cane; the branches that 
grow from it are termed shoots, and when pruned, the part of 
the shoot left is called a spur. With these explanations, the 
method of training and pruning will be readily understood. 
When the danger Irom frosts in the spring is over, uncover 
the canes, and raising them to the trellis at an angle of about 
forty-five degrees fasten them to the lower bar, the ends all 
running in the same direction, to facilitate laying down for 
winter protection. Train a single shoot to each lath, removing 
all surplus buds. One or two bunches of fruit may be left to 
each shoot this season. During the summer keep the shoots 
tied up securely as they extend from time to time. At the 
fall pruning, all the shoots are to be cut down to two buds ex¬ 
cept the one at the end of the cane; this should be cut long 
enough to fill out the trellis to the next vine. The protection 
for the winter should be the same as heretofore. 
The next season the vineyard will be in full bearing, or near¬ 
ly so. Now two shoots may be trained to each lath, shorten¬ 
ing the laterals from time to time. Each of these shoots will 
bear three clusters of fruit, or forty-eight to the vine. If more 
fruit is desired, leave a larger number of buds on each spur at 
the fall pruning. Keep the lowest shoot tied up the next sea¬ 
son, and shorten in the balance to two leaves beyond the last 
cluster of fruit. By following this system of pruning and win¬ 
ter protection, uniform fruitfulness may be relied on. 
