I 
202 WISCONSIN STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
it requires good culture, and a deep, rich soil. It succeeds 
better in a heavy loam, approaching to clay, than in a light 
sandy soil; but, whatever the character of the land, two 
things are important for producing the best results—a deep 
soil, and a rich one. It being what may be called a gross 
feeder, manure of almost any kind may be applied with im¬ 
punity, and in almost any quantity. For field culture the 
plants should be set in rows four or five feet apart, and about 
four feet in the row. Clean cultivation is required as with 
other fruits, and if the whole surface of the soil is covered 
with mulch during summer, it will not only insure the ma¬ 
turing of the crop, but will materially increase the size of the 
fruit. 
Training and Pruning .—The most common modes of train¬ 
ing are what is termed the bush or stool form, and the tree 
shape. To grow the bushes in the stool form, it is only neces¬ 
sary to set out the plants singly, and allow them to throw up 
suckers from the main stem or roots, which all the varieties 
do quite readily. The young shoots may be shortened or en¬ 
tirely removed for the purpose of giving the bush a regular 
shape, and to make it open or compact, as desired. The fruit 
is mainly produced on the wood two or more years old; and 
when a branch has borne two or three crops it is best to remove 
it and allow a new one to take its place, as young wood 
generally produces larger fruit than that which is very old. 
About all the pruning that is necessary, is to cut out, occa¬ 
sionally, the old wood, and shorten the most vigorous of the 
young growth. If too many young shoots or suckers appear, 
and the plant is likely to become crowded a portion of them 
should be cut out, so that the air and«sun may have free access 
to those that remain. All dead or diseased stalks should be 
annually removed, and only the best and most luxuriant ones 
preserved. If the ends of the growing shoots are pinched off 
during the summer, it will cause them to become more stocky 
and fully ripe, while at the same time it will increase the size 
of the fruit which may be on the branches below. 
The main object in pruning should be to properly develope 
