PRACTICAL PAPERS—SMALL FRUITS. 207 
buds of the bearing canes on the lower slat. Each succeeding 
season the vines are to be treated in the same manner. 
RASPBERRIES. 
Soil .—The raspberry will succeed on a variety of soils, but 
does best in a deep, rich soil, which will retain the moisture 
well in a drought without being very wet. Any soil that will 
produce good corn will answer. 
Preparation of Ground .—Choose a position shielded as much 
as possible from the force of heavy winds. Plow well and 
deep (if subsoiled all the better) and drag thoroughly; strike 
furrows three inches deep in the direction you w T ish the rows 
to run—north and south preferred—making the bottom of the 
furrow level. Cross mark with a corn marker, from 2-J- to 5 
feet apart. I usually plant four feet apart in the row. In a 
garden they may be set closer, but the rows should never be 
less than six feet apart and the plants nearer than tw r o and a 
half feet in the row. 
Planting .—It is important that this should be well done. At 
each crossing make aflat hill, nine to twelve inches across, and 
place the plant with the germ pointing up; spread the toots 
out properly. If the weather should be very dry, it is well to 
put a little water on each plant, then cover it about two inches 
deep and no deeper: Many persons lose their plants by neglect¬ 
ing this caution. With the hoe or foot press the earth firmly 
about the roots, being careful of the germ. 
Cultivate with the hoe and cultivator, keeping the ground 
mellow and entirely free from grass and weeds. The first sea¬ 
son, be careful not to hill up around the young plants, but 
keep the ground level; if hilled up much the canes will begin 
to turn black about the 1st of September, and this extending 
to the root destroys the plant. 
Do not run the cultivator nearer than about eighteen inches 
to the hill, for fear of breaking or uncovering the roots. The 
second season, and each succeeding one, cultivate and hoe as 
early as the ground is fit. After the blossoms appear the soil 
