PRACTICAL PAPERS—FARM MANAGEMENT. 
213 
PRACTICAL FARM MANAGEMENT. 
BY HON. H. H. GRAY, DARLINGTON. 
Up to the present time agricultural schools have accom¬ 
plished but little in improving the knowledge of the farmer 
on the subject of husbandry. European nations, especially 
England, Germany and France, have their numerous seats for 
this branch of learning, established at different periods of intel¬ 
lectual development by noblemen owning large estates, but 
they have brought little practical learning to secure success 
either to the school or in experimental trials on their estates. 
Most of the establishments for the pursuit of scientific 
knowledge applied to agriculture are the result of govern¬ 
ment aid. At the head of these institutions stand the German 
schools, for the number of professors and perfection in detail 
of the course of study adopted. They have divided the sub¬ 
jects for a course of 'lectures into numerous branches, such as 
the chemistry of agriculture, the geology of agriculture, the 
botany of agriculture, the physics of agriculture, the mechanics, 
the economics, the stock and finally the general management 
of land. 
In this country the states, and latterly, the general govern¬ 
ment have made liberal endowments for the encouragement 
and establishment of educational colleges. State and county 
agricultural societies, after their manner, (which embraces by 
far the most successful method of instruction,) are doing much 
to direct the attention of the farmer to his calling. Governors 
of states, generals of the army and politicians, all play farmer 
on occasions of annual meetings for exhibition of the products 
of the farm. But the whole combined effort of the scholars of 
both continents, the victorious generals and state executives 
