304 WISCONSIN STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
When the tree is in position, the roots straightened out and 
equally distributed, till in with fine dirt; as the roots are still 
wet from the puddling much of the earth will cling to them. 
When well covered, press the soil down closely around the 
body of the tree with the toe of the boot; fill up to the proper 
depth and level off the surface, leaving the soil at the top 
loose. On low ground, where the surface water will not pass 
off readily—especially in the rows set in the furrows—the 
earth should be thrown up towards the tree until the surface 
slopes gradually from each row. This can best be done with 
a plow—making narrow ridges and throwing the earth towards 
the trees set in the furrows. The trees are now set, but if the 
• soil is light and sandy they should be kept well mulched 
throughout the season. 
In some locations the ground cannot be prepared in this 
manner, but the holes must be dug with g, spade. When this 
is the case, stake out the orchard into rows at the required 
distances apart—say twenty or twenty-four feet, in either the 
square or quincunx form—dig the holes two or three spades 
deep, and about three feet in diameter, throwing the surface 
soil one side and the subsoil the other; set the stakes in their 
proper place in the holes, and with the surface soil make a 
mound in the hole for the roots to rest upon, sufficiently high 
to bring them into their proper position with reference to the 
surface, and proceed with the setting as mentioned 'before. 
After Management. —If we want a good orchard the land 
should be kept under cultivation-—with hoed crops—until the 
trees come into full bearing, and in the growing season the 
soil around the trees should be kept loose, the same as with a 
crop of corn or potatoes. In the fall a small mound of earth 
should be made around each tree and then mulched. As soon 
as convenient in the spring spread out the mulch and mound 
again; do this each year until the trees are of bearing size, 
when a permanent mulch may be applied. 
In heavy soil, mulching small trees during the growing sea¬ 
son tends to induce late growth in the fall, and sometimes 
