PRACTICAL PAPERS—FARM MANAGEMENT. 345 
spring, adding a small quantity of manure before breaking, 
then follow the wheat with corn and that with barley, wheat, 
or oats and seed down. v 
Variety of Seed and Mode of Sowing. —No one variety 
of wheat is adapted to all kinds of soil and weather. Canada 
Club should only be sown on the best of wheat soil, and sown 
early, while Fife will often # succeed on moist or very black 
soil, though great heat at the time of ripening sometimes causes 
blight, but it will endure wet better than Club wheat. Eio 
Grande or China is perhaps more sure than Club or Fife on 
most soils, producing regular and average crops of good quality 
of wheat, but its long beards make it unpleasant to work in 
when large amounts are grown. 
Several new varieties are candidates for favor, but require 
further trial. The seed should be pure, of some one variety 
and perfectly clean. For smut, wash in blue vitrol, one and a 
half ounces with two quarts of water to each bushel. 
For sowing spring wheat the broadcast seeder stands unri¬ 
valled, both for sowing and cultivation, while there are strong 
arguments in favor of the drill for winter wheat. The plow¬ 
ing should be deep and thorough, and the cultivation and har¬ 
rowing of the land such as to give it the finest tilth, without 
which no man has any just reason to expect a full crop; the 
sowing should be done as soon as the land is fit in the spring. 
The harvest should be commenced just as soon as the grain 
will not shrink; some theoretical writers have erred bv 
recommending a time so early as to cause the grain to shrink. 
The practiced eye and close observation will soon tell when the 
golden grain is fit for the harvest. When threshed and before 
sold, the grain should be well cleaned, as he that sells dirty 
grain suffers double discount. 
How to Convert the Straw into Manure. —This, to 
many, is the most difficult part of the problem, owing to the 
want of sufficient stock, and without which the land cannot be 
kept up. With a sufficiency of stock the straw is easily con¬ 
verted into manure as fodder and litter. Young cattle, dairy 
