APPENDIX—GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
415 
ure of trap, conglomerate and other members of the azoic 
formation. These different beds are almost perpendicular, and 
have a bearing almost north and south. Where I could get a 
good sight with the compass the bearing was about north, ten 
degrees east. Between the trap here (which is a beautiful 
amygdaloid) and the conglomerate, there is what a Cornish 
miner would call a great cross course. It is from thirty to 
forty feet wide, and the order of its formation and filling is as 
follows: The trap presents a regular, smooth wall, as fine a 
specimen of slicken wall-rock as we usually find in a true fis¬ 
sure vein. On this wall is a very fine grained fluccan from 
four to six inches wide. Next to this fluccan is a soft blue 
and reddish clay, passing into a soft clay slate, with bunches 
of calc spar, laumonite, prehnite, and other materials of this 
character. 
I give this as a specimen of the lines of fracture that tra¬ 
verse the azoic here; and certainly this is one of the places 
where nature permits us to look upon the results of mechani¬ 
cal and chemical forces in their normal condition ; where she 
draws back, as it were, the covering that hides them from our 
view in the lead district, and invites us to examine the forces 
and conditions that resemble, (if not the same) those that un¬ 
derlie the phenomena there. The details of my observations 
on this trip are now being published in the Darlington Repub¬ 
lican and the Doageville Chronicle , and I will only add, that 
the geological position, physical conditions, and various other 
indications of mineral strata found here, are such as would 
lead us to suppose that this is one of the most likely places in 
the state for large and extensive ore deposits. At the Peno- 
kee elevation, vast and almost inexhaustible beds of magnetic 
iron ore stand exposed. Along the belts between this and 
the lake, good specimens of both lead and copper have been 
found, although the country is almost inaccessible to explorers, 
and I have no doubt that when a systematic investigation is 
made, either by the state or private enterprise, other minerals 
will be found, especially on the south side of the Penokee ele¬ 
vation, such as graphite, gypsum, apatite, or the native phos- 
