416 
WISCONSIN STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
phate of lime, and other minerals of this class, now so much 
needed by the state for agricultural and other purposes. 
Having followed out this class of phenomena to such an ex¬ 
tent, I will return to the lead district. But before I do, I would 
like to say that these phenomena, such as an axis of elevation 
across which belts of mineral land are found at right angles, 
are no new features in mineral strata, but are the common, 
though very important features of old and long established 
mining regions. As an evidence of this I will introduce one 
or two examples here. * 
In Yan Cotta’s Treatise on Ore Deposits, page 427, we have 
the mining district of Cardiganshire, Wales, presented in the 
following language: “ Cambrian clay slates and related rocks 
predominate on the west coast of Wales. These slates are not 
disturbed by igneous rocks, and contain numerous lodes at the 
boundaries of Cardiganshire and Montgomeryshire. The dis¬ 
trict containing them is about forty miles long by five to 
twenty-two miles broad, extending north, north-west to south, 
southeast; and lodes as a rule strike east, northeast ; west, 
southwest; consequently almost at right angles to the longest 
axis of the entire belt.” In another place in the same report 
the writer has classified these lodes into six groups or belts. 
In the geological arrangement of this mining district, and 
the lead district of this state, it is impossible not to notice a 
striking similarity. Along this axis (which is nearly north 
and south) there is no disturbance of the strata by igneous 
rocks, and yet a persistent course is maintained for forty miles 
with belts of mineral veins crossing it at right angles. It is 
impossible also, not to notice that such geological arrangement 
is the result of some general law affecting mineral strata. I 
will here introduce another example, on a more extended 
scale. 
I have before me a geological map of England, and Wales, 
by Bakewell. If on this map, we look along the western 
coast of England and Wales, and from thence into Scotland, 
we observe a tract of land along which the mines of these 
countries are found. Along this tract we have some of the 
