Jan. 26, 1907.] 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
'57 
A still more destructive method of killing them 
was for long in vogue in Finmarken. The Lapps 
did not in this case take the trouble to dig pit- 
falls, but they cut down the trees for miles, and 
with them constructed high fences, so arranged 
that a wide entrance was formed at one end, 
while arms led by degrees in various turns and 
twists to a deep excavation or lake. Great hunts 
were arranged by which the deer from an ex¬ 
tensive tract of country were driven into such 
inclosures, and whole herds, without regard to 
age or sex, were mercilessly destroyed in this 
manner. The name of the man who first initiated 
this particular form of butchery still lives in the 
Lapp legends. He was called Peivas, and dwelt 
some 400 or 500 years ago in Swedish Lapmark 
in the days of Gustavus Vasa. 
There is no animal so- hated, and at the sam'e 
time so- feared, by the Lapps as the wolf. Not 
that it attacks man—no single instance is re¬ 
corded in tradition or story of such an occur¬ 
rence ever having taken place in Finmarken, even 
by a pack; but it frequently happened that the 
“Fjeld Fin,” who was one day rich in the pos¬ 
session of large numbers of deer, awoke next 
morning a poor man, his deer all killed, wounded, 
or scattered over the wastes by the night attack 
of the bloodthirsty brutes. It appears somewhat 
curious, therefore, that hardly any method of 
destroying wolves, other than by running them 
down on ski or poisoning, would seem to have 
been adopted by the nomads. The only plan 
which can be described as peculiar was as fol¬ 
lows : When a Lapp broke up his camp on the 
mountains in order 1o seek fresh pasturage, he 
scattered about small balls or lumps of frozen 
reindeer sinews, which were tightly bound round 
strong hooks of juniper. When the wolves had 
swallowed these the heat of their interiors caused 
the sinews to relax; the hooks sprung apart, and 
so lacerated the animals’ intestines that they died. 
The feelings entertained by the Lapps with re¬ 
gard to the bear were, on the other hand, rather 
those of respect and veneration. To describe the 
ceremonies observed by them when they went 
bear hunting, when they brought the animal 
home dead, and when they eat it, would fill many 
pages; not a bone might be broken—they re¬ 
ceived honorable burial. At an ancient place of 
sacrifice on the island of Aaro, in the Alten 
Fjord, such a quantity of bones were found a 
few years ago that it seemed as if all the Lapps 
in the countryside had eaten their bears there 
for generations. Bears still exist in Finmarken, 
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