May 25, 1907.] 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
805 
NORWAY’S FORESTS. 
\ ice-Consul Michael Alger, cf Christiania, 
furnishes a report on the forest and forestry 
products of Norway, as follows: 
Although 21 per cent., or 26,324 square miles, 
of the total area of Norway is still considered 
to be covered with forests, having an estimated 
value of about $122,000,000, the products of these 
woods remain, what they have been for years, 
the principal item on the country’s export list. 
Real forests, where lumber of useful sizes are 
found, are now confined mainly to the eastern 
and central part of the country, while on the 
coast land, from the southern part to the Russian 
frontier on the Arctic Ocean, there is hardly 
anything left of the abundance of large trees 
which formerly covered those districts. 
The real forest trees of the country are Scotch 
fir (Pinus silvestris ), spruce (Picea excelsa), 
and birch (Betula verrucosa and odorata.) The 
two first named species grow side by side, the 
fir predominating on dry ground and going 
somewhat higher up the mountains than the 
spruce can grow. With the exception of the 
spruce, which hardly grows north of the polar 
circle, these trees prevail over all the country, 
sometimes in an unmixed continuous forest cov¬ 
ering large stretches, but more commonly mixed 
with each other or with sporadic representa¬ 
tives of other species of trees. North of the 
polar circle the birch is predominant on the coast 
as well as in the interior and forms the great 
bulk of the forests. The conifers grow as high 
up as 2,600 feet, while the birch zone reaches 
from 3,000 to- 3.500 feet above the sea. Three- 
fourths of the forest area is covered with coni¬ 
fers and one-fourth with foliage trees. 
The annual lumber production is about 344,- 
000.000 cubic feet for the whole country, or 203 
cubic feet per acre of forest. Of this quantity 
about one-fifth is exported, the rest consumed 
in the country. With a population of 2,000,000 
there is an annual average consumption per 
capita of 137 cubic feet and a forest area of 
8.42 acres. About 20,000 persons earn their 
livelihood by working in the Norwegian forests. 
I he time required by the conifers to reach 
timber size varies greatly in Norway, where 
climate and other conditions vary so much on 
account of the great distance and the rugged¬ 
ness of the country. In southern Norway the 
pine, when from 75 to 100 years old, is, as a rule, 
sufficiently large to yield timber of from 23 to 
25 feet in lensth and 9 or 10 inches in diameter 
at the top. The spruce can, under favorable 
conditions of growth, yield timber of the same 
size somewhat earlier, and may be ripe for cut¬ 
ting down at an age of 70 or 80 years. But 
for the whole country the period of growth for 
trees matured for felling may be placed some¬ 
what higher, for the pine at about 150 years, and 
for the spruce at 120 to 150 years. The new 
growth amounts on an average to- 20.7 cubic feet 
per acre; but at the same time the cutting down 
of forests is estimated at 21.7 cubic feet to each 
acre of forest; thus the forests are made to yield 
more than their annual new growth. 
In Norway the forestry administration is now 
part of the department of agriculture, having a 
director, 4 inspectors, 25 managers, 2 assistants, 
10 planters, and 385 overseers and rangers as 
the working staff. Forest planting has attracted 
much attention in recent years. There were 
6.800,000 trees planted and 7.18 pounds of seed 
sown in 1905, of which 1,487,400 trees were 
planted and 176 pounds of seed sown by school 
children and other young people. Forest plant¬ 
ing is gradually being introduced as a subject 
in the public schools. Especially on the west 
coast the school children have taken much in¬ 
terest in the matter. In a single parish too,000 
trees have been planted by them during the last 
three or four years. 
About one-third of the total exports from 
Norway in 1905 consisted of lumber and wooden 
goods. The value of the different classes of 
these products were: Lumber, $9,355,500; manu¬ 
factures of lumber, $656,000; wood pulp (about 
450,000 tons). $7^402,300, and paner (about 72,- 
900 tons), $3,324,700; total, $20,738,500. Included 
in manufactures of lumber are about 3,000 tons 
of matches, valued at $326,700. 
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h 
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