The National Nurseryman. 
FOR GROWERS AND DEALERS IN NURSERY STOCK. 
Copyright, 1893, by The National Nurseryman Publishing Co. 
VOL. II. 
WESTERN NEW YORK HORTICULTURISTS. 
The thirty-ninth annual meeting of the Western New 
York Horticultural Society held in this city on January 24th 
prov^ed the most interesting in the history of the society. 
This statement has been applicable to each succeeding meet¬ 
ing ; there has been stead)" growth of membership and in¬ 
creasing interest in the proceedings which each year become 
more valuable to the members. The society stands host in 
importance among the large number of such societies in the 
country. Dr. Peter Collier of the New York State Pixperi- 
ment .station at Geneva, said : “ I hope sometime to see a 
society which shall equal this one. There is none now 
that equals it. I believe there never will be one that will 
excel it.” 
President William C. Barry presided and Secretary John 
Hall recorded the proceedings. Among the prominent 
horticulturists present were nearly all the noted nurseiymen 
and fruit growers of Western New VArk and the following 
from other points : Professor Munson, of the Maine P^xper- 
iment station ; A. M. Smith, of St. Catharines, Out ; L. B. 
Pierce, Secretary of the Ohio Horticultural Society ; Pro¬ 
fessor W. J. Green, of the Ohio Experiment station ; Pro¬ 
fessor John Craig, of the Pixperiment station at Ottawa ; 
President Linus Woolverton, Ontario P'roit Growers’ asso¬ 
ciation ; M. B. Waite, Department of Agriculture, Wash¬ 
ington, D. C.; Professor S. A. Beach, Dr. Peter Collier, 
of the New York State PLxperiment station, Geneva; Hon. 
Charles W. Garfield, Grand Rapids, Mich.; George W. 
Campbell, Delaware, O.; Prof M. A. Caldwell, Prof. L. H. 
Bailey, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. 
President Barry’s annual address was full of information 
and good counsel, as usual. PAllowing are abstracts : 
OUTDOOK FOR FHCIT GROWPUJS AND HORTICULTURISTS. 
The pi-esent outlook for fruit growers is not by any means hope¬ 
ful; on the contrary, the prospect is rather discouraging. This in¬ 
dustry, like almost every other, has suffered from several causes. 
Many will attribute their failures to excessive iiroduction, while some 
will ascribe their losses to the ravages of diseases and insects. I will 
not attempt now to trace the causes of failure, but i-ather to suggest 
some means to meet and overcome the difficulties which confront us. 
As regards excessive production, all are agreed that there is annually 
sent to market an over supply of indifferent fruit. Buyers and consum¬ 
ers everywhere complain that not enough attention is given to the pi-o- 
duction of a high grade fruit and that consequently the market at 
ceidain times becomes glutted with an article, the sale of which has 
to be’ forced. Gathering, handling, sorting and packing come in for 
their share of the criticism and condemnation. It is therefore obvi¬ 
ous that every fruit grower and horticulturist should give more care 
and attention to these imiiortant details. The best business methods 
should be adopted. The demands of tlie various markets should be 
No. I. 
attentively studied: old and worn-out machinery and tools should 
be discarded, and labor saving devices and implements should be em¬ 
ployed, so that the greatest economy in labor can be practiced 
AVatchfulness of all kinds, in cultivation and management should be 
avoided, and expenses reduced. When competition is so keen, success 
is impossible if we do not keep hilly abreast with the times both in 
thought and methods. 
AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL LITKRATURK. 
There is nothing that will tend to make home more pleasant and 
attractive than a good library, and especially in the case of the farmer 
and fruit grower, who during a portion of the year have much time 
to spare indoors. A good weekly horticultural and agricultural 
paper is a necessity. The reports of the exjieriment stations, as well 
as those of the department of agriculture should be obtained and 
read carefully. These pamphlets are ])repared with great care and 
embody the latest information on questions of the highest import¬ 
ance to every tiller of the soil. iMost of these publications are sent 
free on request, so that a library can be started easily and inexpen¬ 
sively. The experiment, stations, too, should be consulted whenever 
questions difficult of solution ])resent themselves, and much time and 
experience will be gained that way, and expensive errors avoided. 
PRO(iRESS .MADE IN CONTROLIJNCi IN.IURIOUS INSECTS AND FUNGOUS 
DISEASES. 
The grest losses which have been sustained the last few years in 
consequences of injurious insects and fungous diseases, have almost 
discouraged fruit growers; but, thanks to the scientists, relief is at 
hand. Effectual remedies have been proposed and apfilied with suc¬ 
cess. Spraying is noM' practiced ipiite generally and with satisfac¬ 
tory results. The codlin moth, or apple worm, bud moth, tent cater- 
jiiller, canker Yvorm, plum curculio, currant Yvorm, cherry and ]>ear 
slug, aiiple scab, black knot and grape mildew are all recognized, 
understood, and controlled. It is surprising hoiv effectually and in¬ 
expensively the work can be done by those who have had some prac¬ 
tice. I cannot allow the occasion to pass without referring to the 
agricultural deiiartment, under whose direction so many exiieriments 
have been made, and so many successful remedies suggested. The 
value of various kinds of insecticides and fungicides has noAv been 
fully determined and established, so that the different formuhe can l:e 
relied iqion. But not until the i»ractice has become more general u ill 
the results be noticeable; every owner of a fruit farm, or even a fruit 
tree, should procure a spraying machine and learn how to operate it. 
A])athy, prejudice, and ignorance should no longer i»revent the adoji- 
tion of remedial measures. systematic treatment should be carried 
on throughout the state. Nothing M ill be be gained unless a general 
effort is made. 
EXPERIMENTS IN PREVENTING LE.AF DISE.iSES OF NURSERY S'l’OCK I.N 
M’ESTERN NEM' YORK. 
During the seasons of 1891 and 1892 several experiments Mere 
made by I), (i. Fairchild of the department of agriculture at Geneva 
Muth a vieM- of preventing the various leaf diseases in nursery stock. 
The objects of these experiments mgis to determine M hether the leaf 
blight of pear, cherry, plum and cpunce stocks, and the iioM’dery mil- 
(leM- of the apple, could be prevented by the use of bordeaux mixture 
or ammoiiiacal solution of cojijier*carbonate. In nearly all cases the 
experiments M’ere successful and already nurserymen are sjiraying 
their stocks to prevent defoliation. A reiiort in detail of the experi¬ 
ments is furnished by the agricultural dei»artment. 
M'l.NDHREAKS FOR THE I'ROTEC'I'ION OF ORCHARDS. 
The M-ind storms of .September last M hich M'ere so destructive to 
fruit teach a lesson M'hich should not be forgotten, .\lthough such 
storms are of rare occurrence, yet early in the autumn it is not un- 
ROCHESTER, N. Y., FEBRUARY, 1894. 
