86 
THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN. 
locality. Now if the disease is not induced in such trees 
by unfavorable local conditions of soil and climate, both of 
which explanations seem to have been ruled out by obser¬ 
vation and experiment, then the only reasonable supposi¬ 
tion is that they contract the disease from neighboring trees 
already subject to it. This inference rests on the fact that 
diseased trees are known to be full of a virus readily com¬ 
municated to others trees by budding, and upon a great 
number of observations on the behavior of the disease in 
many badly affected localities. 
By some the transmission of the disease has been at¬ 
tributed to the pruning knife, by others to diseased pollen. 
All that is definitely known is that the disease is communi¬ 
cable by bud inoculation ; that trees with the soundest con¬ 
stitutions are subject to it ; and that it behaves like an 
infectious disease, its first scattered appearance in a locality 
being followed after a longer or shorter interval by the oc¬ 
currence of cases in many orchards, and this stage by the 
rapid destruction of the orchards. 
As was pointed out some years ago, the chief defects ot 
the Michigan law are, “(i) the inadequate compensation 
given to the commissioners, not enough to be certain of 
commanding the services of well-qualified men ; (2) the 
want of a general superintendent who shall see that records 
are kept and be responsible for the enforcement of the law 
in all parts of the state. Both of these defects are reme¬ 
died in the Connecticut law, and the work of combating the 
disease seems to have started off in that state with a vigor 
and thoroughness that is commendable, 283,782 trees hav¬ 
ing been inspected and 26,647 condemned in 1893. 
The results of the rooting-out process obtained in other 
states than Michigan are less striking, either because the 
laws have not been inforced very generally or because they 
have been in operation only a short time. 
Some have held that the trouble originates exclusively 
in the nursery, and that the renewal of the orchards with 
trees having a “ healthy constitution ” would soon put an 
end to the ravages of this disease. Time, however, has 
shown that neither untainted buds nor sound stock afford 
any considerable protection. This is true even when an 
earlier fall ol the leaves and ripening of the wood is secured 
by working the peach upon plum or apricot stocks. In 
one of the Department experiments buds were taken in a 
region free from yellows, were worked upon well-rooted 
Marianna plum cuttings, and after a year’s growth were set 
out in localities much subject to yellows. Most of these 
trees grew well for two or three years, but then began to 
die, some with symptoms of yellows and others from an 
improper union between stock and root. There could have 
been no constitutional taint in these trees, because the par¬ 
ent trees were kept under observation four years, during 
which time they remained free from disease, as did also the 
plums from which the cuttings were made, and all other 
peach trees in that vicinity. 
SOME NEW SMALL FRUITS. 
Albertson & Hobbs of Bridgeport, Ind., sent to this • 
office recently some very fine samples of a new red currant 
which has proved remarkably prolific on their grounds. It 
closely resembles the Victoria. It has a pleasant flavor ; 
the seeds are small and few. Its heavy bearing qualities 
make it a most profitable currant. 
Ellwanger & Barry exhibited samples of Fay and 
Cherry currants which approach perfection very closely. 
There is but little difference between these kinds. Beauti¬ 
ful samples of the Industry gooseberry and of the Colum¬ 
bus, a native sort equally prolific, were shown. This firm 
has two new blackberries, the Eureka, as large and produc¬ 
tive as the Gregg, but ten days earlier; and the Champion, 
similar to the Eureka and with the added quality that the 
berries of each bunch ripen at the same time, so that in 
harvesting the bunch may be stripped with one motion. 
George W. Campbell of Delaware, O., has arranged 
with George S. Josselyn of Fredonia, for the propagation of 
Mr. Campbell’s new grape, Campbell’s Early, a black grape 
said to be earlier, larger, firmer with smaller seeds than the 
Concord or Worden. There are no plants yet for sale. It 
promises well. 
Secretary Doughty of the Jewell Nursery Co., Lake 
City, Minn., sends samples of the new currant North Star. 
The samples show that it is a fine, large, red currant of 
excellent flavor. It is a rapid grower and a prolific bearer, 
and it promises to become one of the leading varieties. 
It is being introduced with much success by the Jewell 
company. 
John Charlton, of this city, brought to this office, a few 
days ago, some fine samples of the Triumph gooseberry • 
which he says is nearly if not the same as the Columbus. 
This is the sixth season of the Triumph and the third of 
the Columbus. The latter was introduced by Ellwanger & 
Barry. Mr. Charlton also exhibited the Keepsake, a white 
gooseberry very popular in England. This is its second 
season in this country. In growth Mr. Charlton considers 
it as strong if not stronger than the Industry. It is much 
like that variety except in color. The fruit is nearly as 
large and it is very prolific. The Golden Prolific was also 
shown by Mr. Charlton. The fruit is yellow when ripe. 
It is a heavy cropper and of good quality. 
The Grape Belt says: Louis Roesch had a speci¬ 
men of his Chautauqua gooseberry on exhibition. The 
specimen shown was about one foot long and contained 
over 100 large, luscious berries, some nearly an inch in 
diameter. 
Wales M. Nye & Bro., of Pittsford, N. Y., sent us, a 
few days ago, a box of cherries which they said are seed¬ 
lings. The samples are remarkably fine cherries. They are 
black, of large size. The flavor is excellent. It is a sweet 
cherry, of very firm flesh and small pit. It is certainly a 
promising seedling. 
