PRACTICAL PAPERS—COUNTRY ROADS. 
277 
The stone-breaker referred to has elevators connected with 
it, whieh carry the stone to a considerable height above the 
machine, where they are deposited upon a sieve, through which 
the fine sand produced in breaking the stone passes, and is 
deposited by means of a chute in a tight compartment on the 
ground; while the stones running over the sieve are deposited 
in a kind of hopper, from which they are loaded upon wagons 
or carts by simply opening a slide or trap. In this manner 
the cost of loading is reduced to a nominal figure, being done 
almost instantaneously; while, if done by hand by shoveling 
from the heap, the cost of loading would be nearly half as much 
as breaking. 
After what has been said with regard to the sand being 
carried down through a chute into a tight compartment, we 
will explain why the trouble is taken to separate the sand from 
the broken stones at all, or care taken to deposit it in a tight 
compartment. It was found that this sand, produced by the 
trituration of stones of this quality, in the process of breaking, 
is the very best material yet discovered for manufacturing 
“ concrete stone” under the Ransom patent of England, which 
is rapidly coming into use in this country. About one hun¬ 
dred pounds of sand are made for each perch of stones broken, 
and all yet made by the machine in question has found ready 
sale to the “Ransom Concrete Stone Company of Maryland,” 
at one cent per pound. It will be seen that in the neighbor- 
-hood of cities, where the concrete stone is being manufactured 
to any considerable extent, a road may be macadamized at a 
very low cost, if indeed it is not found that the stones can be 
broken and applied at a cost which shall be less than the pro¬ 
ceeds of the sale of sand produced from the amount of broken 
stone required, thus preparing the road metal free of cost, and 
leaving a profit to the constructors besides. 
In the application of the broke stone to form a road-bed, al¬ 
though the process is simple, it is important that the surface of 
the earth substructure be kept free from ruts and tracks, as 
any depressions will fill with water, and soften the foundation 
at these points, thus causing the road to settle unevenly. De- 
