352 STATE AGKICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
in the autumn, should be gathered when ripe, and kept in the 
cellar through winter. The walnuts, as other nuts, should be 
spread evenly upon the ground, where surface water vill not 
stand, not more than two nuts in depth, and covered with two 
or three inches of mellow soil, that they may freeze during 
winter—to be planted as soon in spring as they show signs of 
sprouting. The land should be deeply plowed, late in fall if 
practicable, and finely pulverized in early spring, and marked 
both ways, as for corn, three feet eight inches apart. The 
tree seeds and nuts should be planted eleven feet apart, which 
will admit of two rows of corn or potatoes between each two 
rows of trees. By putting two or three seeds in a place—to 
be thinned out to one if both or all germinate—an even stand 
may be secured. A better .way is to plant in rows, eleven 
feet apart, running north and south, and three feet eight inches 
(in the marks for corn). This will secure straight trees—be¬ 
ing closer—and they may be thinned out to eleven feet each 
way when large enough to use for grape stakes, bean or hop 
poles. This will give three hundred and sixty trees per acre, 
or three thousand trees in all, allowinyj for sixty vacancies, 
though in all cases of tree planting, whether in groves or 
screens, a supply of good plants, grown elsewhere, should al¬ 
ways be in readiness to use in filling vacancies, which should 
be done at the end of the first year. 
The preparation of the ten acres of ground, at five dollars 
per acre, would be fifty dollars. Average cost of seed, fifty 
cents per acre, five dollars. Planting, twenty-five dollars. 
The cultivation during the first five years, will be paid for in 
crops grown between rows. For cultivation from fifth to ninth 
years—four years—with horses only—thirty dollars per year, 
one hundred and twenty dollars. After this time no cultiva¬ 
tion or care will be needed. This makes the entire cost, in 
seed and labor, of the ten acres of trees, two hundred dollars. 
These trees will, at twenty-five years of age, average sixteen 
inches in diameter at the ground, and about ten inches at the 
height of sixteen feet. This will give, deducting waste in 
sawing, one hundred and twenty feet of lumber per tree. 
