AGRICULTUKAL SCHOOLS. 
411 
Such, in general, are the questions that have agitated 
now agitate, and seem likely to continue to perplex the sev¬ 
eral states not provided at the outset with institutions toward 
which the national grants were drawn by a natural attraction. 
And then, again, certain secondary questions, such as the 
advantage of a model farm connected with the agricultural 
school,^ wherever established and however organized, and tbe 
necessity for manual labor on the farm as a part of the train¬ 
ing of the pupils of such school, have in many, if not all 
cases, entered into the main problem as a vital part of it, and 
so increased its complications. If, therefore, with an advant¬ 
age gained by observation in other countries and a most care¬ 
ful study of the whole subject during a period of some twelve 
years, any light may be thrown upon these questions, or any 
of them, this present is certainly a fitting occasion for such an 
endeavor. 
The first question in the above enumeration is practically an¬ 
swered, in all cases vhere a use of the national grant is contem¬ 
plated, by the very terms of the act of congress making the 
offer, which expressly provides for the endowment of a college 
“ where the leading object shall be, without excluding other 
scientific and classical studies, and including military tactics, 
to teach such branches of learning as are related to agriculture 
and the mechanic arts, * * * in order to promote the 
liberal and practical education of the industrial classes in their 
several pursuits and professions in life.” It being thus, 
demonstrable that no exclusive agricultural college is contem¬ 
plated by the law, the question of separateness and independ¬ 
ence is without force or application. 
The second question involves a right conception of the law, 
but is based chiefly on the idea of separateness and independ¬ 
ence, and implies serious objections to association with other 
institutions. Its answer must be determined by circum¬ 
stances. If, as in the case of ISTew York, there should be in 
existence no institution the location and character of which 
would render its conversion into an institution of the kind 
demanded easier and better than the foundation of such 
