ESSAY ON GKArE CULTUKE. 
477 
the construction of which will be explained under another 
head. Lay off the'rows six feet apart, and the vines six feet 
in the rows, setting a small stake for each vine. Dig a hole 
large enough to receive the roots, and ten inches deep ; spread 
the roots out evenly; raising the crown of the plant two inches ; 
cover lightly with soil and press firmly upon the roots with the 
hands ; fill the balance with loose soil; mulching liberally, to 
secure the plants against drouth. Allow but one cane to 
grow the first year. Removing all laterals, as they appear; 
pinching out the top when the vine has obtained a height of 
six feet; allowing it to have its own way the balance of the 
season. Prune to three feet; cover with soil, and mulch for 
winter protection. 
A Tow trellis is constructed in the following manner: pre¬ 
pare stakes four feet long and two inches or more in diameter, 
sharpen one end and coat with coal-tar half way up; to secure 
their durability, drive a small staple near the top on each side, 
making four staples to each stake. The bows may be riven as 
for hoops, or sawed one inch wide, by one-half inch thick, and 
sixteen feet long. These should be steamed and bent cn a 
former, on a half circle of seven feet, allowing both ends to 
project in a straight line two feet. The ends are sharpened to 
fit the staples in the stakes. It requires one stake, and two 
bows for each vine; drive the stakes eighteen inches deep, 
and two feet in advance of each vine in the row; place one 
end of a bow in the first stake in the first row, and the other 
end in the second stake in the second row, then commence in 
the second row in the same manner, and so alternately, until 
all the stakes arohlled. This crosses the bows in the center 
between the rows; and these should be fastened together in 
the outside rows. A bow will extend from stake to stake 
around the vineyard. These bows will be high enough to al¬ 
low cultivation with a horse. Bring the vines to the stake at 
an angle of about forty-five degrees. This wjll facilitate lay¬ 
ing down for winter protection, when the vines have attained a 
large size. Allow the four top buds to grow, except on the 
corner vines, which will have three; train one branch of each 
