i6 
THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN. 
sales. The extent to which this industry has already 
been developed in Ontario may be imagined, when it is 
known that the estimated yield of apples in all the or¬ 
chards of Ontario, during the past year, was nearly ten 
million barrels, a good share of which, however, was 
needed for home consumption. The central portion of 
WYstern Ontario possesses the most favorable conditions 
for apple growing. The counties of Waterloo, Grey, 
Simcoe, Wellington, Perth, etc.,.were especially favored 
last year with an abundant crop, and buyers from Mont¬ 
real and Chicago vied with each other in purchasing the 
excellent produce of apple orchards in that section. 
Naturally the apple growers in that section are inclined 
to increase the size of their orchards. The varieties 
most valued for these parts are the following ; Summer, 
Yellow Transparent, Red Astrachan and Duchess of Ol¬ 
denburg ; autumn, Gravenstein, Colvert and Wealthy ; 
winter. Golden Russet, Ontario, Blenheim Orange, 
Baldwin and Cranberry Pippin. In the northern parts 
of this section, Pewaukee and Hubbarston’s Nonsuch 
are much valued. In counties farther north, as in Mus- 
koka, it becomes necessary to plant only the hardier 
varieties, and while the summer varieties above men¬ 
tioned are suitable, the hardier Beitigheimer, St. Law¬ 
rence and Alexander are favored for the fall, and Pe¬ 
waukee, Scott’s Winter, La Rue and Wealthy for winter. 
In counties still farther north, as on the borders of the 
Ottawa, the Alexander, Montreal Peach, Wealthy and 
Haas are the favorite fall apples, and Talman Sweet, 
and Edgars’ Red Streak are added to the former list of 
winters. In Southern Ontario, on the border of Lake Erie 
and the south shore of Lake Ontario, the apple has not 
succeeded well for some years, owing to the prevalence 
of fusicladium, a fungus that spots the leaves and fruit 
to such an extent as to enfeeble the tree and render the 
fruit almost unsalable. Among the varieties most affected 
are Early Harvest, Fall Pippin, Rambo, Vandevere, 
Snow and Esopus Spitzenberg. Unless the effects of 
using copper mixtures save us from this scourge, the 
apple orchards of this otherwise most favored portion of 
Ontario are doomed to be pulled out and burned, root 
and branch. The north shore of Lake Ontario is more 
favored, and large quantities of apples, of various sorts, 
are successfully grown as far east as the city of Kings¬ 
ton. 
Pear trees have not been so largely planted until 
late years, but now that the apple fails so often, many 
haveAurned their attention to the growing of this luscious 
fruit. True, many of our best varieties are too tender 
to be grown far north, but nearly all kinds succeed in 
Southern Ontario, and along the shores of Lakes Ontario 
and Erie. The favorite pear is the Bartlett, but the feel¬ 
ing just now is that this variety is glutting the markets, 
and that it would be wiser to plant a larger proportion of 
varieties ripening outside the season of the Bartlett. 
Pears such as the following are being commended : 
Beurre Sillard, Doyenne d’Ete, Petite Marguerite, 
Beurre Bose, Doyenne Boussock, Duchess, Howell, 
Sheldon, Triomph de Vienne, Anjou, Dempsey, Law¬ 
rence and Winter Nellis. 
Plums are being more largely grown every year, and 
being comparatively hardy, orchards of them are being 
planted throughout most parts of Western Ontario. 
What is wanted here by planters is a selection of good 
productive varieties, of such as have been well tested in 
New York state, to cover the shipping season. Quite 
an impulse has been given plum growing in the Niagara 
district, by the success of a few planters. Here such 
varieties as Bradshaw, Reine Claude, the Gages, 
Quackenboss, German Prune, Purple Egg, etc., etc., 
have been very profitable. The knot is being very vig¬ 
orously kept down in most places, and an amendment 
to the act is proposed, which will enable growers to cut it 
out more vigorously. If this terrible fungus can be kept 
in subjection, the demand in Ontario for plum trees will 
soon become very great. In the northern portion only 
the hardy varieties of the Chickasaw and Americana 
species are wanted. 
Cherry trees are considerably wanted, especially the 
hardier kinds. The Hearts and Bigarreaus are too un¬ 
certain to be of value—but such varieties as the E. 
Richmond, Montmorency Ordinaire, Windsor, etc., are 
of great value to us. 
Linus Woolverton. 
Grimsby, Ont. 
THE NURSERYMAN’S DUTY AS TO NAMES OF 
FRUITS. 
Taking it for granted that the nurserymen who may 
read this article are sincerely interested in having the 
names of fruits as simple and as easily understood as 
possible, I feel a certain degree of confidence in address¬ 
ing them on the subject. Almost every one knows that 
there is scarcely a fruit which does not have more than 
one name, and in some cases as many as twenty of them. 
It is also true that some of the names are ridiculous in 
their composition and even very misleading. As emi¬ 
nent a person as Hon. Marshall P. Wilder long ago 
urged upon the pomologists of the country the neces¬ 
sity of reformation as to the names of fruits. On several 
occasions others have urged the same thing before public 
assemblies and in the horticultural papers. 
Now the fact is, the nurserymen hold the key to the 
situation. The names they put upon their catalogues 
and labels that go out to the public create the popular 
opinion on the subject. It matters little how much the 
leading authorities on the subject, or in other words the 
leading reformers may write and talk, so long as the 
nurserymen fail to apply the ideas as just suggested. If 
