72 
THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN. 
was disastrous to perishable fruits, every pound of fruit 
offered for exhibitipn was required to be weighed out¬ 
side the grounds, and a toll of six cents per pound was 
exacted. This was remedied at once. 
The following resolution was adopted unanimously ; 
Resolved, That the American Association of Nurserymen 
expresses its appreciation of the earnest and efficient services of 
Hon. H. E. Van Deman in the interests of American Pomology 
during his term of oiiice as Chief of the Pomological Division of 
the United States Department of Agriculture. 
J. O. Barrett, secretary of the Minnesota State 
Forestry Association, presented the following resolutions 
which were adopted : 
Whereas, Forestry scientifically managed is essential to pro¬ 
mote atmospheric humidity and water conservation whereby 
agriculture and horticulture in all their identical branches are 
promoted, therefore 
Resolved, That we reiterate our former declarations in favor of 
the forest reserve system as outlined by the American Forestry 
Association, and hereby again avow our purpose to give it our 
undivided support in every state wherever possible in our country. 
Resolved, That we respectfully urge our congressmen to give 
this matter the early and especial attention it deserves for the 
ends of forestry on such a scale of vastness as the needs of the 
people necessitate. 
Colonel Pearsall called attention to the World’s 
Horticultural Congress, which is fixed for August i6th, 
17th, 18th and 19th, at the Columbian Exposition 
grounds, and suggested that a committee of seven be 
appointed to represent the Association at that congress. 
President Augustine appointed as such committee Col. 
Pearsall, W. F. Heikes, C. L. Watrous, Irving Rouse, 
J. E. Ilgenfritz, C. M. Stark and F. G. Withoft. 
Z. K. Jewett, of Sparta, Wis., brought up the sub¬ 
ject of insurance from hail. H. N. Albaugh said that 
the difference between the nurserymen’s and florists’ 
business was so great that it had been found impracti¬ 
cable to apply to trees those principles of insurance 
which affected glass in greenhouses. The amount of 
loss could be fixed definitely in the case of the florist ; 
not so with the nurseryman. Col. Pearsall was of the 
same opinion. 
A motion to make George P. Peffer, of Pewaukee, 
Wis., vice-president in place of Z. K. Jewett, on the 
ground that Mr. Jewett was not the only nurseryman in 
Wisconsin, was adopted. 
J. Cole Doughty, secretary of the Jewell Nursery 
Company of Lake City, Minn., called attention to the 
fact that the western classification of freights differs 
from the eastern classification in that it releases to the 
valuation of $5.00 per 100 pounds. The two classifica¬ 
tions should be made to conform. As it is, the western 
dealer is required to pay the excess. 
The following papers were read or presented to the 
secretary for publication in the official proceedings,after 
which the meeting adjourned until next June ; 
SMALL FRUITS IN WISCONSIN. 
M. A. Thayer’s paper stated that the growing of fruit in 
Wisconsin has been considered experimental, and it is so 
now to a great extent with apples, pears, plums and 
cherries, but with small fruits it has been demonstrated 
beyond a doubt that with the selection of best hardy 
varieties and proper cultivation, trimming, mulching and 
protection, Wisconsin produces larger yields per acre of 
finer fruits than any other state in the Union. In Wis¬ 
consin it is necessary to adopt methods of cultivation 
almost unknown in warmer climates, on account of short 
warm summers and rich quick soils. With eternal 
vigilance comes such success as 300 bushels of Ancient 
Briton blackberries from a single acre, and an average of 
more than 200 bushels per acre from a large plantation ; 
1700 bushels from less than five acres, etc. The essen¬ 
tials in producing plants like this are a warm, rich, well 
drained soil, thoroughly prepared, hardy vigorous plants, 
well set, severe pruning and thorough cultivation. 
Winter protection is an absolute necessity for small fruits 
in Wisconsin. The choice among small fruits in that 
state rests on Warfield strawberries, Gregg black rasp¬ 
berries, Marlboro and Cuthbert red raspberries. Downing 
gooseberry. Ancient Briton blackberry. 
Effect OF FROST ON stocks axd trees in transit— How to 
TREAT THEM AND HOW TO PREVENT FREEZING. . 
Hon. H. N. Ai.BAUon, Tadmor, Ohio. 
The Irishman, who fell from the fourth story of a 
building, declared it was not the fall that hurt him, but 
the lightin’ so quick. So it is not so much the freezing 
that injures the roots of trees and plants, in transit, as 
the sudden thawing out and especially in the bright 
light of day. 
Last winter we had a continuous cold spell in Jan¬ 
uary, all through Ohio, and the states eastward, when 
the thermometer reached twenty below zero, at its low¬ 
est, and was on several successive days from the zero 
mark to ten below. In fact, the continued freeze had 
lasted for several weeks, until the ice on still ponds and 
reservoirs was a foot thick, a very unusual thing for Cen¬ 
tral and Southern Ohio. During this continued cold 
spell, our importations of foreign stocks reached New 
York, and were forwarded via. Canada and Northern 
Ohio to us. One car was a refrigerator, and one a 
common car. They arrived at our place the morning 
the thermometer marked twenty below, and were at 
once unloaded and placed in our large tree cellars. The 
boxes were undoubtedly frozen solid, or at least, frost 
had pervaded every part of them. They were allowed 
to remain in the boxes, without disturbing them till the 
regular February thaw, a month later, and were then 
unboxed and found in excellent condition, and no stock 
we ever planted made a better growth. 
That roots frozen and then thawed out in bright 
sunlight will be irretrievably injured, all will admit. So, 
even a heavy frost on the roots of trees accidentally or 
