So 
THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN. 
formed. The remedy in this case seems to be simple, 
viz., the introduction of other varieties either by top¬ 
grafting, or by both.- This plan will be carried out dur¬ 
ing the coming winter, and if successful and the orch¬ 
ard is brought up to its full fruiting capacity, the com¬ 
pany estimate that their annual income will be increas¬ 
ed more than $10,000. 
“ In order to corroborate the results obtained in 
Virginia, Mr. Waite was sent to Rochester, N. Y., im¬ 
mediately after his return to Washington. Rochester 
was reached before the pear flowers had began to open, 
and a large number of experiments along the same lines 
as those in Virginia were begun. The work was carried 
on in the orchard of Ellwanger & Barry, where every 
facility was afforded for making a thorough test of the 
matter under consideration. In addition to the work 
at Rochester, similar experiments were carried on with 
apples at Brockport, N. Y. Mr. Fairchild also made a 
number of tests at Geneva with both apples and pears. 
As a result of all this work it was shown that about 
two-thirds of the commonly cultivated pears are more 
or less incapable of self-fertilization. In the case of the 
apple the well-known varieties seem to be more com¬ 
monly self-sterile than the pear. An examination of 
cross and self-fertilized fruits show sufficient differences 
to enable one to decide that the latter rarely occur in 
nature, and that even those which are capable of self- 
fertilization are generally cross-fertilized, or might even 
be said to prefer foreign pollen. The cross and self- 
fertilized fruits are frequently quite different in appear¬ 
ance ; the difference in the size and number of the seeds 
is still more striking. 
“Mr. Waite gives tentatively the following general 
principles as a result of this preliminary investigation. 
(1) The majority of the cultivated varieties of pears and ap¬ 
ples require cross-fertilization in order to bring about successful 
fruitage. By cross-fertilization is meant the transfer of pollen 
from a different horticultural variety and from a different individ¬ 
ual of the same variety. 
(2) Bees and other insects perform the woi*k of cross-fertilizing. 
(3) The weather at the time of flowering has an important in¬ 
fluence on the visits of bees and other insects and through these 
upon the setting of the fruit. 
“The practical application of the foregoing princi¬ 
ples will be plainly apparent to horticulturists. For ex¬ 
ample, large solid blocks of varieties known to be 
wholly or partially self-sterile should not be planted 
wit'hout introducing kinds known to be active fertilizers. 
Of course, judgment must be exercised in the selection 
of pollinating varieties, otherwise there may be discrep¬ 
ancies in the time of blooming which will render them 
valueless so far as the object in view is concerned 
Careful tests will also be necessary to ascertain what 
varieties have pollen of the greatest potency for the fer¬ 
tilization of the sorts which it is wished to grow.” 
GEORGE ACHEEI3, 
1 ^ _West Chester, Chester Co., Pa. 
Specialties for uext Fall aud Spring:. 
PEACH TREES, APPLE TREES, KIEFFER PEAR TREES, APRICOTS, 
CAROLINA POPLARS, SILVER MAPLES, DWARF COM- 
PACTA and SIBERIAN ARBOR VIT/ES, BAL¬ 
SAM, FIRS, NORWAY SPRUCE. 
A large assortment of Evergreens and Shrubbery, Ampelopsis 
Veitchii, Osage Orange in large quantities, Privets, and.Yucca Filamen- 
tosa. The general assortment of all kinds of trees is very large 
and complete. Write for prices. 
CeORGE MGHEEIS, 
West Chester, Chester Co., Pa. 
in. 'T. HOOD CO. 
(Old Dominion Nurseries.) 
Richtuyond. ^ ^ ^ ^L’R. 
^^250 ACRES IN NURSERIES. 
A Full Line of Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Etc 
200,000 Peach, (Budded on Natural Stocks. 
I 00,000 Japan Pear Seedlings. 
I 00,000 Apple 
50,000 Mariana Plum stocks. 
50,000 Concord Grapes, 2 years. 
I 0,000 Mulberries—Downing, Hicks, New American. 
PEACH SEE D.— Seed from the wild fruit of the mountains of East Ten- 
nesee and Western North Carolina, where “Yellows ” and <-ither diseases of the 
Peach are not known. Can dig in the Fall, beginning about S°pt. 20th. In 
the Spring any time after Feb. 1st. Having a Large Cool Storage 
Cellar, we can dig early in the Spring and make shipment as necessary and 
avoid risk of winter storage. 
FREIGHTS LOW. TRUNK LINES “ RUSH ” OUR TREES. 
Ornamental. 
LARGE nrp ppc 
• ••••• SHALL 1 
FLOWERING SHRUBS, in great va-toty. Dcc'criptive 
Catalogue and Price-List free. ***=^***'i=** 
SAMUEL C. MOON, Morrisville, Bucks County, Pa. 
Giuseppe Sada, 
. . . Nurseiy and Milan, itaiy. 
. . . Seedsman, 
The most important Italian Forest-Tree Seeds exportation Qpppm 
Firm, which can supply at the lowest prices the best . . 
of Myrobola’s Plum, Robinia (Acacia), Gleditsehia triacanthos 
• Mulberry (black and white), Lord Weymouth’s Pine, etc., of the 
1893 crop. 
PRICES ON APPLICATION. CATALOGUE FREE. 
ORDERS SOLICITED AND BOOKED NOW. 
I shall have for the fall of 1893, 12,000 HENRYII 
CLEMATIS, two and three years old, out-door grown ; 
also a fine lot of MOYER GRAPE VINES, and other lead¬ 
ing varieties. A general assortment of ROSES ON 
OWN ROOTS. Write for prices. 
P. W. BUTLER, E. Penfield, N. Y. 
When writing to advertisers mention National Nurseryman. 
