THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN. 
89 
of the annual meeting, together with several of the 
papers, and could easily have published the entire 
matter by enlarging the journal for that issue. 
The problem before the fruit growers of the country 
is how to sell fruit rather than how to produce it. So it is 
with the nurseryman how to dispose of stock to the best 
advantage, rather than how to grow it. 
Reports from the Pacific coast indicate that many 
large orchards have been planted in the favorable sec¬ 
tions there and there is promise of a rapidly increasing 
demand for nursery stock in that part of the country. 
The vast extent of territory and the superior climatic 
conditions cause planting there by the wholesale while 
it is going on at retail in other sections. 
KNOTS ON MARIANA ROOTS. 
To tJio Editor <9/The National Nurseryman ; 
I saw the article of Thomas Meehan on the Mariana 
as a stock some time since, and I am now reading what 
Mr. Heikes says in the matter. 
Mr. Heikes is writing of our very troublesome pest, 
anguillula, that is so prevalent in all our poor sandy 
soils in this extreme southern section. It is natural in 
most soils here, and it uses any succulent-rooted plant 
to m 4 iltiply in ; especially is it propagated a million fold 
in our southern cow-pea, and land once planted in 
cow-peas is unfitted for figs, peaches, and many other 
soft-rooted plants. 
We have used the Mariana plum as a stock for the 
peach, as the anguillula does not effect plum roots so 
far as I have seen ; but trees that I have had sent me 
from two different sections, have come to me with this 
knot, and I send you a specimen of it by mail to-day. 
If it is not “black knot,” what is it ? I also send a 
specimen of a peach root that was sent me from Dela¬ 
ware six years since, and you will see it has a genuine 
case of “ root knot,” and I know it caught it here, but 
that black knot came with the plum trees I have 
hoped the Mariana plum was not to blame for it—that 
it had caught the disease from other trees in the section 
where grown. 
Orlando, Fla. James Mott. 
Professor George F. Atkinson, cryptogamic botanist 
at the Cornell experiment station at Ithaca, N. Y., to 
whom the matter was referred, says : “ Several years 
ago while connected with the Alabama Polytechnic 
Institute at Auburn, Ala., I made an extended study of 
the root galls which are caused by the worm commonly 
termed in Florida “ anguillula.” It is heterodera radi- 
cicoloy very widely distributed over the world. It occurs 
in all the southern states, and in greenhouses, or 
forcing houses at the north. Your correspondent can 
obtain the results of this study by writing to Auburn, 
Ala , (Exp. Station) for Bulletin No. 9. The galls on 
the Mariana plum are neither “black knot ” nor the 
nematode galls. But they belong to trouble which is 
quite wide-spread in Europe, and is known to occur 
throughout the United States, though this knowledge is 
perhaps not very general. I have found it in Alabama 
on the peach and raspberry. It occurs in New York on 
the raspberry and rose ; in Iowa on pear trees, in Cali¬ 
fornia on peach, apricot, and other trees. What its 
cause is, is at present a mystery, but it would be well, 
perhaps, to treat it as an enemy that can be propagated 
by germs, though its germ origin has never been 
demonstrated. In Europe it is believed to result from 
some physical injury inflicted upon the root at time of 
transplanting, or during cultivation. It is there called 
‘ Wurzel Kropf.’ ” 
FOR THE HORTICULTURAL CONGRESS. 
Following is the programme prepared for the nursery¬ 
men’s section of the horticultural congress which will 
convene at the World’s Columbian Exposition on 
August 16th ; 
The European Nursery Trade—Victor Le Moine, H. Waterer, 
Philadelphia. 
History of the Nursery Business in America—S. B. Parsons, 
Flushing, N. Y. Discussion by Robert Manning, Boston ; Thomas 
Meehan, Philadelphia; D. W. Beadle, Toronto; Geo. W. Camp¬ 
bell, Delaware, Ohio. 
Status of the Nursery Trade in the South—Parker Earle, 
Ocean Springs, Miss.; E. H. Hart, Fedei’al Point, Fla. 
Status in the Mississippi Valley—S. M. Emery, Lake City, 
Minn. 
Status on the Pacific Slope—W. R. Williamson, Sacramento ; 
Seth Llewellyn, Milwaukee, Ore. 
Japanese Nurseries : Dwarfing of Plants and Miniature Gar¬ 
dening—Mr. Izawra. 
Inter-State Restrictions: Laws to Control Insects and Dis¬ 
eases—Edwin Willits, Ass’t Secretary of Agriculture, Washing¬ 
ton, D. C. ; John Rock, San Jose, Cal. ; W. C. Barry, Rochester. 
Forecast of Better Things—T. V. Munson, Denison, Texas; 
Luther Burbank, Santa Rosa, Cal. 
A correspondent writes from Tryon, N. C. : “The 
peach crop this year, notwithstanding the late frosts, has 
been large, and the shipping season, which opened about 
the middle of June, is turning out quite satisfactory in 
financial results. The early fruit was very handsome in 
appearance, but the hot and rainy weather caused it to 
rot about as fast as it ripened, so that shipping was not 
satisfactory. The later fruit is very fine, large in size 
and of a very excellent flavor ; it stands shipment well, 
and a friend of mine who is shipping seventy-five to 
eighty crates a day to Washington has received as high 
as $3 a crate for them. The rates will, of course, not 
continue, or everybody would be in the peach business.” 
