130 
THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN. 
for the ncces.sary expenses of the Society, which shall allow 
one-third of all the collections in each country to be retained 
there for its own expenses, and to be disbursed by its own 
Secretary, except in the country represented by the Presi¬ 
dent, where all funds collected shall be retained, but that 
country shall pay its share of the general expenses. The 
Isxecutive Committee has power to publish a periodical of 
the size and frequency of issue warranted by the funds, and 
which shall be sent free to all members of the Society. In 
the absence of meetings of the Executive Committee, the 
President, First Vice-President, Secretary-Treasurer, and the 
Secretary-Treasurer of the country represented by the Pres¬ 
ident, shall constitute a P'inance Committee, which shall 
audit the accounts of the Society, any two of whom shall 
constitute a quorum. 
The President, First Vice-President, Secretary-Treasurer, 
and Secretary-Treasurer of the country represented by the 
President, constitute the Committee on By-Laws of the 
World’s Horticultural Society, any two of Avhom shall con¬ 
stitute a quorum. 
This was adopted by a meeting of horticulturists of var¬ 
ious countries, in Chicago, August 25, 1893. 
FALL PLANTING. 
Every postoffice in the state is now flooded with ad¬ 
vice to plant in the fall. A Rochester tract of this kind 
headed “Planting Time, a Reminder,” says ; 
For a long time the idea was prevalent that fall planting was 
not advantageous. Experience has proven that this opinion is 
erroneous. The spring planting season in most localities is so 
short that intending planters do not have time to properly con¬ 
sider and put into execution the plans which have been made, and 
the result is that every spring much important work is necessarily 
left undone. In the autumn the soil is in even better condition 
for planting than in the spring, and the season being much longer, 
all who contemplate planting have a much more favorable oppor¬ 
tunity to consider and mature plans, and to carry them out. 
The tree peddlers who are making fall deliveries in 
Iowa show these statements to all purchasers and urge 
immediate planting when the trees are delivered. In 
the prairie states fall planting of fruit trees is rarely sat¬ 
isfactory. As a rule the trees are dry enough to burn 
when the season for growth comes on. If not dry they 
will be so lowered in vitality as to make feeble growth. 
The time to plant trees in Iowa is when the season for 
growth arrives. Even early spring planting is not ad¬ 
visable .—loiva State Register. 
The third annual meeting of the Horticultural Society 
of Marion County, Ill., will be held in Kinmundy on 
November 14th. J. G. Vaughan is president and E. G. 
Mendenhall secretary. Papers will be read by A. T. Ang- 
len, of Kinmundy, on “Tomato Culture’’ ; W. S. Ross of 
Alma on “ Some Reasons for Loss of Fruit Crops 
During Last Two Years,” and J. Webster, of Centralia on 
“Apple Orcharding.” 
THE CAMINIiTTI BILL 
And the Arguments Which Led to Its Introduction 
IN Congress. 
Interstate laws to control insects and diseases dis¬ 
cussed BY EDWIN WILLITTS OP THE DEPARTMENT OP AGRI¬ 
CULTURE—Federal and state co-operation—The cali- 
PORNIA congressman’s BILL TOO DRASTIC—PROPOSED 
REMEDIAL LEGISLATION SUPPORTED BY PUBLIC SENTIMENT 
AND INDIVIDUAL MORAL COURAGE. 
The subject of “ Interstate Laws to Control Insects and 
Diseases ” was presented at the Horticultural Congress at 
the World’s Fair, in a paper prepared by Edwin Willetts of 
the U. S. Department of Agriculture. He called attention 
to the difficulty in preventing by state laws the spread of 
disease and insects which attack trees and shrubs. 
“ The apple,” said he, “ has at its core the larvm of the 
codling moth. The apple you must have, you ivill have, 
and no law has been able to prevent your having it, and 
the only remedy seems to be to kill the codling moth before 
it has invaded the apple to be brought in. Who shall kill 
the codling moth ? Who shall destroy the contagious 
blight? Nothing out comity and mutual self-interest can 
be exercised between states. But comity is paralyzed 
by self-interest and mutual interest counts for- nothing 
in the face of hostile neglect or supreme indifference. 
Men will import and export plague-smitten rags and all 
manner of contagion and all varieties of pests, and the 
question of the hour is, how shall this importation and 
exportation be controlled by law ? It is a simple prob¬ 
lem for a single community that has autonomy sufficient 
unto itself. But wdiat shall be done with forty-four com¬ 
munities irresistibly determined to have intercourse ; 
traversed by railroads which run from sea to sea ; by rivers 
that run from the mountain to the ocean ; by winds that 
sweep the horizon ? It is manifest that neither local lines 
nor state regulation can control this subject and w^e must 
look to that jurisdiction, which, in a certain limited sense, at 
least represents the whole.” 
Mr. Willitts proceeded to consider what federal legisla¬ 
tion can accomplish. He said : 
It is conceded on all sides that thei'e are individual rights and 
state rights; that as a rule the individual rights are subject to 
and are protected in the main by the powers of the state. A con¬ 
tagious disease strikes an orchard. Without question, the best 
remedy is the most drastic. The orchard should be wiped out— 
dug up root and branch, and burned to ashes. But what jurisdic¬ 
tion shall exercise this tremendous power, the taking and destroy¬ 
ing of private property for the public good ? In the first place, 
who shall decide that the disease is a contagious disease ? Who 
shall condemn the property to destruction ? Who shall abate this 
nuisance ? The generally acceded construction of the Constitu¬ 
tion has placed this power in the state alone, and the instances are 
rare in which the power above indicated has been exercised by the 
federal government. The most direct attempt in that direction, 
as I now recollect, was in the power conferred upon the Depart¬ 
ment of Agriculture, through the bureau of aifimal industry, to 
eradicate pleuro-pneumonia and other contagious diseases. Just 
what the full powers were, is not clear. Appropriations have been 
made for investigation of peach yellows, pear blight, and various 
