State Convention—industrial Education . 262 
INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION. 
BY S. n. CARPENTER, LL. D., OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN. 
There are two essential requisites to success in any trade or pro¬ 
fession :—a knowledge of the principles forming the science of 
which the profession is the practical application; and skill in the 
application of these principles. The one requires cultivated mind * 
the other cultivated muscle. Every profession presents these two 
sides, but notably those which are largely dependent upon me¬ 
chanical operations for their success. 
The question has been much discussed lately as to the proper 
scope of education in its application to those callings which re¬ 
quire a physical training as well as a mental discipline. The rec¬ 
ognized aim of collegiate instruction was, until quite recently, to* 
confer mental culture and discipline sufficient to enable a man to 
prosecute successfully any chosen pursuit, leaving a practical ac¬ 
quaintance with the mechanical duties of his profession to be 
gained in the unsatisfactory and costly school of experience. This 
aim was purely fundamental. It did not seek to impart technical 
knowledge, but only those general principles which underlie all 
professions and arts, without making any special application of 
them. In so far this aim was narrow, but at the same time it 
sought that which was of the widest practical application. The 
knowledge thus gained was purely generic, and before it could be 
rendered of any practical use, it required a supplemental specific 
training. Being generic, its scope was almost wholly intellectual, 
and the material presentation was wholly left to the private efforts 
of specialists. That this is the highest aim possible to a system of 
education, we think there can be no doubt, but that it is almost 
entirely inoperative unless carried further, and these principles 
applied in the solution of problems that meet us in every-day life? 
admits of no question. 
Starting with the recognized fact that the intellectual constitu¬ 
tion of all men is the same, but one course of study was laid down 
