state Convention—industrial Education. 265 
It must be understood that an agricultural course imparts addi¬ 
tional instruction, that technical schools are intended to supple¬ 
ment, not supplant, colleges and universities. And, further, it is 
self-evident that no amount of -mere theoretical knowledge can 
ever make a man master of any calling which is largely depend¬ 
ent upon skill. For this, muscle must be trained as well as mind; 
but muscle cannot be trained in a school where the main business 
is intellectual discipline. The resistance to be overcome in the 
discipline of mind is the truth involved in some problem, all the 
data necessary to the solution of which are given in the problem 
itself. The difficulties to be overcome in the discipline of muscle 
are manifold, partly due to natural temperament, but mostly ly¬ 
ing outside of us, and manifesting their presence in such various 
ways that no rules could be given for the solution of the problem, 
even if we could by any possibility collect the necessary data. 
The chemist in his laboratory selects at will the circumstances 
under which he will try his experiments; but the farmer cannot 
thus determine the conditions according to which he will raise his 
crops; he cannot foresee the meteorological influences against- 
which he must guard, or of which he must take advantage. Nor 
will any number of years spent upon an experimental farm give 
him any advantage in this particular over his illiterate neighbor 
who has learned all he knows by observation. It is true that a 
scientific man can take advantage of these circumstances, but it is 
his science that teaches him this, and not the experimental knowl¬ 
edge gained upon the model farm; it is as a scientific man that he 
judges and not as a farmer. Nor is it the teachings of applied 
science that guide him here, but the fundamental principles that 
underlie all science. 
Again, the discipline of muscle cannot be contemporaneous 
w r ith the discipline of mind without great loss of time. Skill 
is nothing but habit; it is doing well what we attempt without 
1 
that painful consciousness of each step, which marks inexperience) 
The skilful musician manipulates the keys without any conscious 
mental effort in translating the notes from the printed page into 
the sounds of witching melodies or swelling harmonies. This is 
skill; but mental culture can never render the mind automatic ; 
its processes must be known to the consciousness to be of any 
