practical papers—grape growing . 
375 
many from planting it. But our winter climate has settled the 
question of winter protection for the vine. It is a necessity that 
cannot be avoided except in rare instances, and never with perfect 
safety. Doubtless one of the chief reasons why the vine is more 
successful in fruiting with us than fruit bearing trees, is the fact, 
that we are compelled to give it this winter protection. Thus 
shielded it is safe from climatic changes for five months of the 
year, and when in spring we uncover it, it seems almost to leap in 
its growth. Could we thus protect our fruit bearing trees, the 
result would probably be the same. In fact I have seen it stated 
that the experiment had already been made of protecting fruit 
bearing trees with coverings of boards during the winter, and 
with the most favorable results. This might not be profitable, 
but the question of profit or loss does not change the fact estab¬ 
lished by the experiment, viz., that by protection we get fruit. 
With the grape the question of profit is all on the side of pro¬ 
tection. 
Under circumstances more favorable then for its cultivation 
than that of any other fruit; with promise of speedy returns; 
shall we still question whether we can raise the grape in Wiscon¬ 
sin? Bather let us ask, will we raise it? Our wants must com¬ 
pel an affirmative answer, and this answer has already been given 
by hundreds among us who are yearly gathering its fruit. 
TERMINOLOGY. 
To cultivate the vine with success, we must know of its won¬ 
derful structure and growth, and its proper culture and training 
should claim our careful attention, remembering always that the 
ultimate object is the harvesting of the ripened clusters. 
In speaking of the vine we must constantly use terms applica¬ 
ble to it. I therefore give in advance its terminology, commenc¬ 
ing with the root: 
The Stock is the main part of the vine above the root, and below 
where it branches. 
The Stem includes those portions which have ceased to bear 
shoots, and are two years old and over. 
The Arm is a portion of the stem trained in a horizontal position. 
