32 
THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN. 
traveled extensively throughout the continent and in 
England, and applied the information he secured to the 
advancement of horticulture in Russia. He is the founder 
of the first horticultural society established in Warsaw. 
Now it is proposed to link the horticultural societies of 
the country and establish a central horticultural experi¬ 
ment station. Mr. Jankowski has written several books 
on horticulture. He began in the horticultural business 
by the purchase of seeds which he sold to the wealthy 
class at large profit. Then he established a seed store 
which has rapidly been enlarged to meet the demands of 
his business, until now he is very wealthy. He is held in 
great respect by all. All articles signed by him are read, 
with deep interest. Fruits endorsed by him are accepted 
at once as worthy of propagation. Mr. Jankowski has 
done more than any other man in Russia to advance hor¬ 
ticulture. He has accomplished much of this work 
through his paper, Ogrodnik Folski^ and in the same way 
I believe the interests of horticulture and the growth of 
the nursery business in America is receiving much bene¬ 
fit through the existence of The National Nurseryman 
and horticultural publications generally.” 
VARIETIES GROWN IN RUSSIA. 
“ What varieties are grown by Russian nurserymen to 
large extent ?” 
“ All that are grown in America. The climate varies 
greatly between St. Petersburg and the Black Sea and 
consequently methods vary widely. In St. Petersburg 
cherries, pears and peaches are grown in large pots and 
boxes and the trees are placed in immense cellars in 
winter. A few Russian kinds of pears are grown out of 
doors as in America, but although the trees withstand the 
severe cold, the fruit is small and of inferior quality. I 
have seen at the large pomological station in St. Peters¬ 
burg, of which Mr. Kesselring is manager, the finest Clair- 
geau and Souvenir du Congress pears on trees growing 
in pots. The gardeners, florists and prominent people oh 
St. Petersburg are invited to come and sample the fruit 
when it is ripe. Peaches, strawberries and raspberries, 
grown in large greenhouses are on sale in every store in 
St. Petersburg all winter. 
“ In Poland and Germany the standard peai's are grown 
but in Russia the strong winds make it necessary to grow 
a medium tree. The popular pear tree there is neither 
dwarf nor standard. Russian horticulturists consider the 
budded trees the best. These are healthier and of quicker 
growth than the root-grafted trees, though they do not 
bear quite as soon as the latter. Most of the Russians 
will not buy root-grafted trees. In and around Kiewpear 
trees are grown by the million. The climate of Warsaw 
is about like that of Virginia. Tea roses are grown out 
doors. Peaches and apricots if budded on plum stock 
may be grown in Russia, planted on the south side of 
buildings and fences and covered in winter. The hig-hcst 
prices are paid there for peaches and apricots. 
The most valuable fruit at present in Russia is the 
Antonowka apple. It is sought by all and it is being 
planted in large quantities. In Russia it is a fall or winter 
apple, in Poland a late summer apple and in South 
Germany and France it is an early summer apple. It 
grows readily in soil which is considered unfavorable for 
other apples. The fruit is remarkably fine. The Anton¬ 
owka grows in Canada and in some of the western states 
of this country. It commands a high price in European 
countries and lately it has been much used for canning. 
But the Russians do not understand very well the art of 
preserving fruits in cans. They dry much of their fruit. 
“ In Southern Russia, in the Crimea and the Caucasus 
mountain district there are immense vineyards where the 
European varieties of grapes are grown successfully. The 
planting of grape vines increases rapidly. Russia for some 
time has competed with Germany and France in the pro¬ 
duction of wine. The Black Sea districts are particularly 
favorable to the growth of the grape. The climate is like 
that of Italy. 
“ The outlook for horticulture in Russia is good. But 
already the Russians are afraid that American enterprise 
will encroach upon them. They say, ‘ Look out for 
America. She will send over here and monopolize our 
markets.’ 
QUARANTINE LAWS IN THE EAST. 
Entomologist L. O. Howard of the United States 
Department of Agriculture says, in the last issue of Insect 
Life: 
“ Readers of Insect Life are aware, from items which 
have been published from time to time, of the fact that 
the state of California has in force a quarantine law which 
operates against the importation of nursery stock affected 
by injurious insects or plant diseases new to California. 
Similar regulations are in force in New Zealand and some 
of the Australian colonies. In Idaho a law was enacted 
at a recent session of the legislature which, while it is pri¬ 
marily an inspection law, authorizes the entrance of horti¬ 
cultural commissioners into packing houses, storerooms, 
and salesrooms, in addition to orchards and nurseries, and 
thus operates to a certain extent as a quarantine regula¬ 
tion. The necessity for similar regulations in our eastern 
states has never been greater than it is to-day, and is every 
year emphasized by the importation of new insect enemies 
from abroad, while destructive species from the West and 
South are encroaching upon and entering northern and 
eastern territory. The importation into eastern orchards 
of the San Jose scale, to which we have referred in Nos. 
I and 2 of this volume, and the introduction of the pear 
agrilus from Europe into New Jersey orchards, as pointed 
out in the present number, are cases in point. The state 
legislatures should take this matter in hand. They will 
do it at the instance of state horticultural societies and 
other societies of agriculturists or horticulturists. The 
excellent California and Idaho laws will serve as models 
upon which to frame laws for other states.” 
