PRACTICAL PAPERS. 
AMERICAN BUTTER FACTORIES AND BUTTER 
MANUFACTURE.* 
From the Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society, England; with corrections and im¬ 
portant additions made by the author Tor special publication in the Wisconsin State 
Agricultural Society’s Transactions, 
BY X. A. WILLARD, A. M., OF LITTLE FALLS, N. Y. 
Lecturer at the Maine State Agricultural College and Cornell University , W.'F., etc. 
INTRODUCTION. 
The American system of associated dairies was inaugurated 
during the early part of 1851. Though twenty years have 
elapsed since the plan was conceived, the leading features of 
the system remain unchanged. Great improvements, it is 
true, have been made in buildings and dairy apparatus and in 
the methods of manipulating milk for cheese and butter man¬ 
ufacture ; still, in organizing factories, in the manner of deliv¬ 
ering milk, in the relation between manufacturer and patron, 
in the care and disposal of the product,—indeed, in all the 
general outlines of the system,—it is the same to-day as when 
Jesse Williams in 1850, mapped it out for the first cheese-fac¬ 
tory which he erected early the following year. 
After nineteen years’ experience in associated-dairying, 
during which time the system has been put to the severest 
tests, the American dairyman finds it more economical as re¬ 
gards labor, buildings, dairy machinery, and appliances; 
while the factory product on an average will sell for enough 
^Entered according to act of congress in tbe year 1871, by X. A. Willard, in the office 
of the librarian of Congress at Washington. 
