PRACTICAL PAPERS—BUTTER FACTORIES. 
247 
iron, and return them when they come to the stand the butter- 
days. These are generally Wednesdays and Saturdays. With 
these prices we have no difficulty in making a cow pay for 
herself twice a year; if she cost 60 dollars, we sell 120 dollars’ 
worth of butter from her in twelve months.” 
It may be remarked that the sour milk is employed by the 
Philadelphia butter-makers as a feed for swine. It is estimated 
that such milk will make 100 lbs. of pork per cow. 
The cows in the district where the Philadelphia butter is 
made are well sprinkled with the Jersey or Alderney blood, 
and about a pound per day from each cow is considered a fair 
average for the best dairies. 
crozier’s milk cellar. 
A committee consisting of Mr. J. B. Lyman and Frank D. 
Curtis, from the American Institute Farmers’ Club, recently 
visited the farm of Mr. William Crozier. The following re¬ 
port regarding a milk cellar seen on this farm, was presented by 
Mr. Lyman to the club. The walls are 86 x 18 feet, and it is 
divided into ice house, milk room and butter kitchen as in 
this plan, Two tubes or conductors go down from the upper 
part of the ice house. They are made of boards eight inches 
wide and an inch thick, with holes bored in them. The holes 
allow the cold air to enter from the ice, and it pours in a stream 
from the mouth of the tube into the milk room. The temper¬ 
ature of the air as it comes out at the mouth of the tubes is 
about 35 degrees. As the milk room has thick walls and the 
windows are high, this flood of air at 35 degrees is able to 
lower the mercury to 62 degrees, and even lower, in July. 
Sometimes he closes one tube to keep the room from growing 
too cold. The draft is the strongest in the hottest weather. In 
spring and fall there is little current, and in winter, when the 
fire in the stove is constantly burning, the draft would be the 
other way. But then the mouths of the ice tubes are closed. 
By this arrangement the desired temperature is secured the 
season through, and there is no difference between the June 
