262 
WISCONSIN STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
a thin wooden blade around it, when the pan is canted up, and 
the cream flowsgoff into a large tin cream can. The milk then 
goes into a slop reservoir on the bench, arranged with pipe at 
the bottom for conducting it off to vats away from the build¬ 
ing, where it is to be used for the feeding of swine. The por¬ 
tion of conducting pipe in the milk room is arranged in a 
double curve, or V, so that in cleansing the water remaining 
in the curve prevents gases from passing through into the 
room from below. 
Churns and Churning .—Churning is done every da} 7 by 
horse power, a common lever power located outside the build¬ 
ing being employed here as well as at the other dairies. Mus¬ 
tangs are attached to the lever and put the machine in motion 
by travelling round and round in a circle. An oblong box 
churn is used. The ends are twenty-seven inches square and 
the length of the box is five feet. It hangs horizontally upon a 
frame supported by two iron gudgeons at the ends of the box, 
and upon which it revolves. On one side of the box there is 
a door, which opens to receive the cream, when it is closed and 
the churning accomplished by setting the power in motion and 
revolving the box. The temperature of the cream when it goes 
to the churn is about sixty-two degrees, and churning is usually 
perfected in from one-half to three-quarters of an hour. The 
butter, when it comes from the churn, is washed in soft water, 
worked and salted at the rate of one ounce of salt to the pound 
of butter, when it is set aside until next day and then worked 
a second time and packed for market. It is manipulated but 
very little at the second working, just enough to get it into 
shape. 
Butter - Worker .—The butter-worker at these establishments 
struck me as a very handy appliance. It consists of a heavy 
oak slab, in a perfect circle, about three and a-half feet in diam¬ 
eter, set at an inclination, so as to allow the buttermilk to pass 
off, and revolving on rollers arranged in a standard which sup¬ 
ports it in the center. At the lower end of the machine, just 
beyond the circular plank, there is an upright, at the top of 
