432 
WISCONSIN STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
and greater results in butter and milk. A few Aldernys have been tried, 
but do not succeed in gaining friends, either by tlieir beauty or milk quali¬ 
ties. Our farmers decide that cattle raising, only as a part of mixed hus¬ 
bandry, does not pay. A number of cattle sufficient to consume the corn¬ 
stalks and straw, with a small amount of roots and grain, is all that our 
long winters will permit to be profitable. Our farmers have been in the 
habit of selling off their cattle at two and three years of age, but find 
this is bad management, and now keep a few until they are four and five 
years old. 
Sheep have done remarkably well. After learning from our punishment 
from the merino, our farmers introduced the long wool sheep of different 
varieties, from Canada, and are doing well. Our soil is well adapted to 
sheep husbandry. 
The long prevailing high price of live hogs has stimulated hog raising 
beyond all precedent. The breeds have been thoroughly tested. The 
county abounds in all of the choicest breeds of hogs, in great numbers. 
Although agriculture has become the leading industry of our 
people, there is yet a large number engaged in lead mining, which is car¬ 
ried on with more system than heretofore. Lead ore is found in all posi¬ 
tions in the earth. So eccentric is the geological formation of the lead 
bearing district, that no rule can be given that will apply to all sections, 
but lead is found principally in crevices in the rocks, mixed with clay and 
sand. Sometimes fused into the rock, it is found as pure Galena, and com¬ 
bined with several metals, with sulphur, with several of the acids, 
oxygen and carbonic acid. A well grounded opinion prevails among those 
who have examined the mines of this and other countries, that by far the 
heaviest yield of lead will be found lower down in the lower magnesian 
limestone. Several attempts have been made at deep mining, but have 
failed reaching any great depth. We entertain a firm belief that the 
whole county is underlaid with heavy deposits of this ore. Copper has 
been worked with but little success. The green carbonate abounds in small 
quantities in the north part of the county. The carbonate of zinc is 
found in most of our lead shafts, and has been thrown away by the miner 
as of no value, but works have been established in Iowa county, this state 
and at the coal mines in Illinois, where it is being manufactured into white 
paint. 
MANITOWOC COUNTY. 
BY HON". CARL K. SCHMIDT, MANITOWOC. 
On the western shore of Lake Michigan, about midway between Chicago 
andJVIackinaw, is the county of Manitowoc. It contains 805,861 acres of 
land, of which 128,649 are improved. The population, according to the 
