56 WISCONSIN STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
degree of latitude. In Central Europe, 1.8 degree is gained 
to each degree of latitude. 
In medium climes we gain 1° Fahrenheit to each 267 feet 
above the level of the sea. Within the tropics 1° to each 819 
feet of altitude. 
By descent below the earth’s surface we gain, as shown by 
artesian wells (Les puits de Grenelles de Paris) near Paris, 
France, 1° Fahrenheit to each 58.3 feet. In the coalmines of 
England, 1° to each 59.6 feet. The artesian well of Messrs. 
Duponts, Louisville, Kentucky, is now over 2080 feet deep.— 
At 1700 feet the mercury stood at 76° Fahrenheit. Common 
well water stands at about 53° Fahrenheit. So the ratio of 
increase is much the same over the whole earth. Without 
speculating about the fluidity of the central regions, here is a 
practical fact. In the temperate regions, the point of mean 
temperature is 59 to 64 feet below the surface. So the best 
place to preserve fneat in the tropics, would be one foot below 
the surface, in the temperate zones 60 feet under ground. 
I will give some examples of climate thus influenced. In 
Central America, you find all climates under the same parallel 
of latitude. On the coast, the banana and cocoa nut, then the 
orange and the fig, then the apple and pear, and cherry, and 
Indian corn, then wheat and potatoes, then pines and ferns, and 
then eternal snows. The Pacific coast of North America is 
exceedingly mild because the winds set from the Chinese sea 
towards the land, and the warm ocean waters are forever giving 
out their heat in winter. On the Caspian Sea, latitude 46° 21' 
North, in consequence of the radiation of the sandy and vast 
plains, the grape ripens well in the open air, the medium sum¬ 
mer heat being 70 !J Fahrenheit, annual heat 48°, and the lowest 
winter heat 28° Fahrenheit. In Cincinnati, Ohio, U. S. A., 
John Lea, Esq., gives the annual temperature in sixteen years 
at 55°, highest temperature 95°, lowest 10 9 Fahrenheit. Euro¬ 
pean statists claim an average temperature for good potable 
wine of about 49°, summer 63°, and medium winter above 33° 
Fahrenheit. At the Faroe Islands, 62° North latitude, the 
