138 
COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 
Sub-soil plowing is not applicable, however, on land where 
the sub-soil is loose and leachy, consisting of an excess of sand 
or gravel without clay; it is not only unnecessary, but posi¬ 
tively injurious to them. 
Reciprocate favors with your soil; i. e. feed it if you would 
be fed by it. Manure and well directed labor are the secret of 
successful farming; without the former, sooner or later, toil 
becomes useless—without the latter, feeding is in vain. The 
means for replenishing the drain upon the soil should, as much 
as possible, be found within the limits of the farm. Every 
thing which can be rendered available as a fertilizer should be 
carefully husbanded, and protected from damage. We would 
strongly impress upon your minds the necessity of spreading 
over the barn yard a thickness of earth, such as swamp muck, 
clay, sand, or loam, according to the nature of the soil the ma¬ 
nure is intended for, previous to the herds or flocks occupying 
it for w r inter quarters. After soaking up the liquid (the very 
essence of the manure,) the whole may be made into a “ mixing,” 
and this compost should be ploughed into the land as soon as 
convenient. To keep manure during the summer, it must eith¬ 
er be covered up with earth, or remain in sheds where it has be¬ 
come compact by treading, which will prevent fermentation.— 
Yards should be made where the land is dishing; do not place 
them where the best part of the manure runs off into streams 
or road sides. Bear this fact in mind, that the excrement from 
three cows for one year, is worth more than a ton of guano 
which would cost from fifty to sixty dollars. 
We would say to all, raise more live stock, and then you will 
have more means of keeping your arable lands fertile. The ex¬ 
perience of centuries has proven that no system of farming can 
be permanently successful unless the animal product of the 
farm, is, at least, equal the vegetable product, and the greatest 
success has followed and does now follow that system which 
makes the value of the animal product exceed the other. A 
high state of agricultural prosperity can be obtained by no 
other means. Manure is money, and short paper is like a short 
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