IMPROVEMENT OF HORSES. 
161 
broad chest, round slender back, strong, steep rump, large, 
leg-bones, flat hoofs, feet covered with thick hair, and long 
mane and tail.” They are sagacious and tractable, and have 
great power of endurance, often being driven fifty miles with¬ 
out resting, at a rapid pace, and with heavy loads ; are long- 
lived and require little care. 
The “ Obvan” horse belongs to the province of Perm, is rather 
small, measuring about 14 hands high as the average, is hand¬ 
some, active, docile, and strong, being well adapted to agricul¬ 
tural uses. Color varying from a sorrel through the several 
shades to dark brown or even black. 
The “ Viatica ’ is small, but strong and hardy and well suited 
to the purposes of farming ; sometimes confounded with the 
Obvan. 
The “ Kazan ,” a cross between the Yiatka and Boshkir, is 
remarkable for its long mane, which hangs far below the neck. 
The “ Krimean ” is distinguished for its activity and strength, 
and is derived from Arabian stock. For a whole day it is said 
to keep a full round pace over the steepest and most difficult 
mountain paths. 
The Scandinavian Horses are all small, often not more 
than 12 hands high, but fleet, making twelve miles an hour with 
ease, beautiful and spirited, with a vmnderful amiability of dis¬ 
position. 
German Horses differ considerably in the different king¬ 
doms, but as a type, are heavy, strong, and rather slow. The 
Prussian has been much improved of late years, both in beau¬ 
ty of proportion and in activity. Holstein furnishes a great 
many fine horses to the German and French armies; and Hun¬ 
gary by intermixture with eastern blood, has also produced a 
horse of considerable value. Our best draught horses are of 
German origin. 
The Spanish Horse acquired his fame in the days of chiv¬ 
alry, when 
“ The glorious deeds of errant cavaliers 
21 
