328 WISCONSIN STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
much depends upon a proper preparation of the soil, and after 
care, as anything else. 
Soils differ so much in their component parts, that no special 
manures, in quantity, can be named as applicable,—for be¬ 
sides the universal constituents of loam, clay, sand, &c., 
others, in greater proportions than are found in these, are ne¬ 
cessary to the promotion of a healthy growth. 
THE APPLE. 
Dr. Emmons has furnished an analysis of the apple tree, 
which shows the per cent, of some of the most important ele¬ 
ments, in the ash of bark and wood, to be as follows: 
Bark. Sap Wood. 
Potash,.5 parts.16 parts 
Lime,.... .51..do.19 do. 
Phosphate of Lime,. . 3.. do.17 do. 
The large amount of lime found in the bark and . wood of 
trees, makes it evident that more is needed than is usually 
found in western soils; air-slacked lime from lime-kilns may 
be used beneficially; also leached ashes, or wood ashes in any 
form will supply the deficiency in a great measure. Definite 
quantities cannot be named, as circumstances of position— 
whether timber or prairie—and natural conditions of soils will 
alter cases. 
. As a rule, one peck each of the lime and ashes, to be spread 
evenly over the surface as far as the roots extend, and to be 
renewed every three or four years, and to be hoed in after a 
deep and thorough pulverization , before the first application, 
will be definite enough for practice. Have applied more with 
great success. All strong, stimulating manures must be with¬ 
held, unless the soil is very gravelly or sandy, and even on such 
must be used in moderate quantities, as they are liable to occa¬ 
sion a too rapid growth. 
Selection of Trees. —In the selection of trees there should 
be much care and caution used in their form as well as variety. 
The comparatively few properly grown nursery apple-trees in 
