340 WISCONSIN STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
within the limits prescribed for this essay,) must be cut back 
twice each year, for three years, in order to make a good “live 
fence/’ We look upon live fences, and a belt of forest trees 
surrounding the orchard, as an essential requisite to successful 
fruit culture. 
SMALL FRUITS. 
What has been said thus far upon the selection of site, cul¬ 
tivation, and pruning, is only applicable to the large or orchard 
fruits, and does not apply in general, to those designated as gar¬ 
den or small fruits; though these are as essential to the well¬ 
being of every farmer, and even more so. 
THE GRAPE. 
Native varieties will succeed, to a greater or less degree in 
any garden soil with plenty of sun; and though “ what is 
worth doing at all, is worth doing well,” none need be restric¬ 
ted from planting plentifully of the vine, if they have not their 
ground trenched, under-drained, or a steep south hill-side, ter¬ 
raced, to grow their vines upon. 
I have advised that the large fruits be planted upon a north 
or north-eastern aspect, for reasons assigned. The reverse of 
this is true of all “small fruits.” Not because they are able 
to withstand the effects of a winter’s sun, or are proof positive 
against the late spring frosts, (for no fruits are more sensitive 
than some of these, to the action of the heat and cold) but we 
select a south or south-easterly aspect, became we gain a great¬ 
er degree of heat through the summer months, and thus hasten 
the ripening process. 
In planting grapes it must be remembered that they love 
plenty of sun, and a free circulation of air; and here is where 
many err in planting their vines upon the south side of a build¬ 
ing, and training them directly against it. This gives plenty of 
heat, with little or no free circulation of air; whereas, by plant¬ 
ing six or eight feet from the wall, and training upright to a 
trellis, both objects will be attained. Another excellent site is 
