440 
COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 
They will, in this manner, be easily and cheaply obtained ; 
for the services of the ditches will more than pay the expenses 
of making them, by benefits to marshes, in draining them for 
meadows. ********* 
DEEP PLOWING—SUB-SOILING. 
- 
We have thus hastily gone through with a partial showing of 
the advantages of rotation and manuring ; and now come to 
deep ploiving , which completes the Farmer's Trinity. 
But of all the processes, deep tillage furnishes the most nu¬ 
merous and varied advantages. It not only supplies the ele- 
ments’ of fertility, but it does the most to put the land in the 
best possible condition for the rapid growth of vegetation. 
It makes the soil deep, and warm, and porous, so that the 
surplus water may run off, and the air run in and circulate 
freely. By going deeper, for more land, it really increases 
the effective forces of our acres, which is equivalent to increas¬ 
ing their number. For according to the olden parchment a 
“ man’s farm goes to the centre of the earth/’ towards which 
his plow should constantly gravitate. In this way it serves 
the purpose of under-draining , to considerable extent ; by 
making deeper passages underneath, whereby the water can 
pass off easily ; and by permitting free escape by evaporation 
of the excess. 
By going deeper and bringing more mineral elements from 
below, a greater and richer variety of ingredients are continu¬ 
ally supplied ; constantly affording a bountiful store-house of 
nourishment to growing crops. 
Another most important effect of deep tillage, and second to 
no other, is the prevention of the evils of drouth, to a large 
degree ; by allowing the moisture from below to rise up more 
freely, through deep, well pulverized earth. 
The temperature being cooler below, and warmer above, the 
internal moisture ascends, continually, obedient to the princi¬ 
ples of evaporation. This will be seen by observing that hard 
ground is always dryer in a “dry time,” than melloiv ground. 
