ANNUAL MEETING. 4G7 
ularly where drainage is nececsary and cannot be better se¬ 
cured. 
Congar—Dwarf pears require deep planting. Would have 
a dry soil, and plant upon level. Raised question of 
AGE AND PROPER TIME OF PLANTING. 
Congar.—The apple tree should not be over two years old, the 
pear and peach but one from bud or graft. Can see no reason 
why we may not plant in the fall here as in Illinois or New 
York. True, trees in nursery do not always ripen their wood 
early enough to admit of it, and this is the reason so many of our 
imported trees fail, but the objection may be overcome. 
Willey—Also believe in planting young trees ; because, 1st, 
We get more of the roots. 2d. Can form “ to our liking.” 
3d. No stakes are needed. Would dig deep holes; fill in 
coarse gravel ; cover with rich, prairie loam, and plant just as 
tree stood in nursery row. Would mulch well, as that tends 
to keep roots near the surface, where they may be controlled by 
fertilizers—of which ashes and lime are needed for prairie soil. 
Roots of dwarf pears, run near surface, and tree should be - 
worked very low. 
Brayton—Opposed to fall planting ; the roots cannot heal 
and establish themselves without leaves. Dwarf pear tender 
above ground ; hence, would plant deep. Trees received from 
nursery in the fall should be covered up, root and branch, for 
winter. Much blame attaches to neglect of trees after ta¬ 
king up ; roots must be protected from sun immediately, and 
over. 
Hanford—Roots will heal and form without leaves—even if 
simply “ heeled in have seen it repeatedly. Know an in¬ 
stance in which 50 trees were frozen up solid in the earth the 
* 
day after planting—all lived and flourished but one or two. 
Fall planting, however, should be early ; some care should be 
used to bring earth in contact with roots, &c., as in spring. 
Just before winter sets in, would raise a mound of fifteen 
inches about the stem, and mulch the roots with coarse ma_ 
