ANNUAL MEETING. 469 
Hanford read letter from Samuel Edwards of Illinois, on sub¬ 
ject of cultivation, &c., of evergreens. 
Brayton—The great secret of success is in retaining the fi¬ 
bres; one minute’s sun may destroy them; should be covered 
as soon as out of the ground. If taken from woods must be 
very small. Do not believe in as early planting as some; have 
had 50 per cent, less loss after growth had commenced. July 
answers well, but great care is required at that time. Alw r ays 
mulch as soon as planted. 
Congar—If planted early, and with roots retained, they sel¬ 
dom die; cannot countenance late planting under any circum¬ 
stances. Layers from the forest of little worth. 
* 
Willey—Early planting is safest for people in general. Dif¬ 
ference between nursery and forest evergreens not sufficiently 
understood; the first has a fine mass of roots, the latter very 
few. Frequent transplanting increases roots and improves their 
chances for living. Any good garden soil adapted. Mulch 
with decayed chips or coarse litter. 
Hanford would hoe the soil twice a week until past midsum¬ 
mer. 
Plumb would have thorough drainage ; dig deep holes, and 
fill with coarse gravel and sand, with supply of compost of 
sand and peat loam; applicable to every variety in transplant- 
»■ 
ing. 
DISEASES AND INSECTS, AND THEIR REMEDIES. 
A great variety of insects infest the orchards of the North¬ 
west, but a large share of the damage is chargeable to two or 
three, whose habits and “weak points” should be studied until 
a complete mastery over them is gained by the fruit-grower. 
The Baric Louse .— Congar—The Bark Louse is confined to 
old, neglected orchards. Would dig infested trees and replant; 
will never have them in nursery. If my trees are not sold at 
five years of age, I dig and burn them. 
Brayton—Bark Lice only plenty in wet or bad soils ; do 
not attack healthy trees. To destroy, cut off all large limbs, 
