472 
WISCONSIN FRUIT-GROWERS’ ASSOCIATION. 
upon removing, numbers of borers are found, having entirely 
destroyed the inner bark and sap wood. The depredations of 
the borer, are regarded as the cause of the injury, which I think 
is not true. The injury was occasioned during the winter or 
spring, and very largely during the severe winters of ’55 and 
56. I am disposed to regard this borer as working in dead or 
diseased wood. The remedy will readily suggest itself. Loio 
tops , which shall shade the trunks , and thus prevent the injury 
—remove the dead bark, and cover with grafting wax. Anoth¬ 
er borer, which works in the healthy tree, and is often very 
destructive, is usually met with near the ground, though occa¬ 
sionally higher up, sometimes in the forks and limbs of the tree. 
The eggs are deposited by a striped beetle in June and July, 
upon the bark, and the worm, when hatched, eats its way into 
the inner bark, where they remain the first year, working their 
way the second into the wood, and the third it emerges in the 
form of a beetle, to again propagate its species. 
Remedies—build brush fires in the orchard in the evening, 
during June, which will allure the beetles, as well as many 
other insects to their destruction; and wash the trees at same 
season with soft soap. Examine the bark for the worms, which 
in young trees may be readily discovered the first year by the 
dark, dead appearance of the bark ; afterwards, by the dust 
thrown out by the worm. They ‘will almost always be found 
on the south-west side; prompt attention will be found econo¬ 
my. With a knife, shoe-maker’s sewing awl, or flexible wire, 
cut out, or insert a small piece of camphor, and close the hole 
with grafting wax. Another species works only in the small 
limbs and branches, entering to the heart and working down¬ 
ward. As the period for its change to a chrysalis approaches, 
it cuts off the limb as neatly as it could be done with a saw> 
and thus is enabled to enter the ground and emerge a parent 
beetle. Use the knife as before, and gather up and burn the 
limbs which fall. 
