486 WISCONSIN FRUIT-GROWERS’ ASSOCIATION. 
Wall fruits generally attain a high state of perfection.— 
Many kinds will ripen when thus reared, which would fail on 
standards in open air. By these means the tender fig can be 
produced in your state and in Ohio. Espalier trees are under 
the eye and control of the cultivator, and their fruits are less 
liable to attacks from the Curculio, Codling Moth, &c. 
Under-drainage and the formation of deep and artificial soils 
should form a part of this system of operations. 
Your intelligent people having reached this stage of advance¬ 
ment, would hardly remain passive. Urged on by accumulated 
experience, enlarged views and refined taste, they would at¬ 
tempt new and improved modes of cultivation. 
The next step would be to convert more or less of those walls 
into glass inclosures, such as grape, peach and cherry houses, 
and also into hot and green houses, and forcing establishments. 
Even these can be cheaply and economically built. In these # 
days of buzz saws and planing machines, lumber for all pur¬ 
poses, and of all forms, can be obtained at cheap rates; rafters 
and sash can be procured, the glazing, painting and putting to¬ 
gether, can be done by common hands. 
If artificial heat be required, tanks and troughs can be 
formed with concrete and water cement lime, and a circulation 
of hot water be established from a small cast iron-boiler, not 
larger, nor necessarily more costly than a tea kettle. At pres¬ 
ent it might be difficult to obtain such an implement, but it can 
be readily cast at any furnace where hollow iron ware is manu¬ 
factured. 
Most of the peaches and fine cherries raised in Great Britain 
are either wall fruits or grown under glass. In the United 
States, the increase of destructive insects and diseases, and 
the occurrence of severe winters, and extremes of wet and 
droughts in summer, are rendering the prospects of fruit-grow¬ 
ers precarious, even in the most favorable localities. This 
plan, or some other, must be soon adopted as a remedy. Peo¬ 
ple will hardly relinquish the use of fine fruits until they have 
exhausted every expedient. v 
