168 
LONDOl^ INTERNATIONAL 
just beginning to appreciate bis almost total ignorance of 
tbe real resources of this ^wonderful world, in wbicb, for so 
many generations, be bas groped bis way into tbe twilight of 
a morning wbicb this active nineteenth century promises to 
make radiant and golden ere its close. 
As might have been expected from tbe known variety and 
extent of her resources, coupled with tbe fact of tbe Exhi¬ 
bition being on her own ground, Gireat Britain led tbe world 
in tbe display of building stones, metallic ores, and minerals 
generally. This remark also applies equally to metallurgic 
processes and tbe extent to wbicb they are practically carried on. 
Free-stones, granites, marbles, and other first-class building 
materials, wbicb abound in many parts of tbe United King¬ 
dom, were there in long array; so, also, coals from her ap¬ 
parently inexhaustible mines; and the metallic ores and metals 
proper—iron ores, pigs, castings and wrought iron, from 
every portion of tbe kingdom, and ores of lead, zinc, nickle, tin 
and silver—a splendid collection. Some of the exhibitions 
were beautifully and systematically arranged, so as to illus¬ 
trate tbe various stages through wbicb tbe ores are carried, in 
reducing them to a condition for use—tbe ore first, then the 
crude metal from the smelting furnace, then the refined metal, 
and, finally, tbe various implements and articles of hardware, 
for tbe manufacture of wbicb tbe metal from that particular 
ore was found to be best adapted; these various manufac¬ 
tured articles being also arranged so as to illustrate tbe succes¬ 
sive steps necessary in tbe process of manufacture. 
Mining, as an art, has made great progress ‘during tbe past 
few years—greater than during all tbe ages before—through 
tbe applications of geology, chemistry and the physical 
sciences. Tbe questions of mode of occurrence, shafting, ven¬ 
tilation, drainage, and others, must long be tbe subjects of 
laborious study and patient experiment. 
In tbe department of rnanufactured iron, many remarkable 
specimens were shown ; a “ double-throw” crank-shaft of 1,850 
horse power, intended for Her Majesty’s steam ram Northum¬ 
berland, being a wonderful product of tbe forge. Its weight, 
