570 
STATE HOKTICULTUEAL SOCIETY. 
run broadcast over the ground, and consequentV could not be worked among, 
proved almost an entire failure. Another great objection to allowing them 
to grow in this way, is, that it is impossible to go among them to pick the 
crops, without destroying a large share of the vines and fruit. To grow 
them for market, we set the plants, one foot apart in the row, and rows four 
feet apart; keep clean with the cultivator and fork-hoe; train the runners 
along as before described; mulch in the fall with plenty of rotted manure or 
straw and work among them thoroughly in the spring. After they are 
through fruiting, plow the ground dee^ between the rows, plowing the rows 
down to a narrow strip from four to six inches in width, manuring them well 
and train the runners and take the same care as the year previous. 
Set blackberries and raspberries from two to three feet apart in the row, 
and rows of raspberries six feet, and blackberries eight feet apart; keep 
clean, and in August and September cutback the top and long side branches, 
so that blackberries shall stand about five feet high, and raspberries four 
feet, rav\Q\xheavily in the fall with tan bark, saw dust, old straw, manure, or 
chip dirt. This not only acts as a mulch, causing the crop to be double, but 
keeps the weeds down, thereby saving a great amount of labor. 
As to grapes there are numerous ways and instructions for the setting. 
My advice is to set them in a warm sunny place, where the ground is natur¬ 
ally warm and dry. Cut back two or three eyes, the first year, allowing two 
or three branches to grow. In the fall, cut these back about four feet in 
length, and lay them down, covering them sightly with dirt or litter of any 
kind. By the way, there is a great amount of discussion as to which is the 
must hardy and will stand the most severeVinters. I believe there is no good 
variety in cultivation that will pass through our severe and changeable win¬ 
ters unprotected without being injured somewhat; and so long as it is so lit¬ 
tle trouble to lay them down and take them up in the spring, I think it use¬ 
less discussion. A man that is too lazy to spare the little time and labor re¬ 
quired to do this is unworthy to have this luxury. Each year I should cut 
out the wood, and have two or three branches of the new growth. Cut those 
back to six or eight feet; cutting off all side brances to within two or three 
eyes of the main branch. Set the roots eight feet apart in the row and 
and rows twelve to sixteen feet. Use either trellis or stakes to train the 
vines on. 
By observing these simple instructions these luxuries may be enjoyed 
the year round. * * * 
I think most of our societies arc apt to spend too much of their discus¬ 
sions on some new varieties, and leave in the back ground the old, well 
proved successful sorts. It should be remembered that the great mass of 
people have not the means to spare for these high priced sorts; while older 
varieties will give better satisfaction, and prove more successful in the end* 
My advice to the common people is, to wait until your wealthy neighbor has 
tried these new mushroom roots, and if they prove a success try accordingly* 
I would not have it understood that I discountenance or discourage the 
