FKUITS IN MINNESOTA. 
577 
have withstood this fiery trial, behold there is a Russet, there a Spy and there 
a Tallman Sweet. If you go into the garden, you will find a strong cher¬ 
ry, perhaps, if he has planted a dozen kinds ; but the only variety that has 
any promise is the Kent’sh, or some other of the Morello class. All others 
have failed because they are out of their latitude. 
Flunis —we have very little trouble with, when grafted on the wild stock. 
The Lombard and Yellow Egg seem to stand the best, but the Impei ial and 
Bleeker’s gapes and the Orange do well. Pears seem very fickle. * * 
I find a great error exists in choosing proper sites for orchards. Most of 
our German people plant ou too low and w^et land, at the foot of a hill or rise 
of land. They do so because they did so in Germany, and have not learned 
as yet the differences in climate. They say the hill is too poor, consequently 
their trees freeze out. Our Yankees take the other extreme, being 
quicker to learn the causes of trees failing on low land, but do not as yet 
learn that our hills are too bleak, without some protection. And just how 
much protection is needed is hard to determine. I find, too, by close obser¬ 
vations of our native trees, that the hardy varieties of grafts, are much 
hardier than seedlings growing in the same grounds, as a general rule. I also 
find by months’ travel and daily observation of trees, that those with very 
short stems, and low spreading tops are much the healthiest and bearing the 
most fruit. Tnis shows that if we want to assist nature we must not clip her 
wings. Never trim up. Rather trim down. We find that with draining or 
subsoiling our clay lands, and with good culture, together with home raised, 
trees no difficulty exists in raising a good orchard. 
FRUITS IN MINNESOTA. 
BY A. S. STEWAKT. LA SCEUE. 
» * * I have made the raising of fruit and fruit trees, my business* 
in Minnesota for the last nine years. I find the small fruits, such as currants, 
gooseberries and strawberries, do well on almost all kinds of good soil. The 
early varieties of the grapes do well here if planted oji good soil, where it is 
free from early and late frosts. Among the best are the Delaware and Clin¬ 
ton. The hardy varieties of the apple have done well on the right soil and 
situation. Among the best are the Red Astrachan and Tallman’s sweet. 
There are several other very choice varieties in bearing, but I have not been 
able to learn their names. I have several varieties from seeds that promise 
well. The orchards that are doing the best stand on soil composed of a good 
share of clay, and where they are not exposed to late and early frosts. 
87 Ag. Trans. 
