310 
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
nearly to its centre, finally leaves it on the west at New Lon¬ 
don. These two principal streams are accompanied by numer¬ 
ous tributaries, flowing through every part of the county. The 
prevalent kinds of timber are three varieties of oak, two of 
hickory, two of maple, three of elm, three of ash, one each of 
poplar, beach, basswood, and iron-wood; besides others are 
occasionally found peculiar to the same latitude, climate and 
soil. 
The soil for the most part is a black loam, with a sub-stra¬ 
tum of stiff, compact, adhesive clay. The rock, a variety of 
the upper magnesian limestone, is reached only at great 
depths, except in a few localities where it outcrops and is 
easily quarried, furnishing abundance of building material. 
Much of the land is rated and sold by the State as swamps, but 
embracing, no doubt, some of the best, deepest and most ser¬ 
viceable soils in the West. The same expense used in clear¬ 
ing and draining these low lands, which is now applied in 
simply clearing the lands covered with heavy timber, will 
render the swamp lands of Wisconsin, for any practical agri¬ 
cultural use, superior to any lands in the State. Nor is the 
day distant when the hardy settler will fully appreciate this fact. 
Such, in brief, are the principal physical features of a 
county which received its first white inhabitant not more than 
twelve years ago, but which now embraces within its borders 
a young city of 3,000 people, and a total population of some 
10 , 000 . 
Agriculture is of course destined to be the great interest of 
the county at large, but manufactures, as a branch of human 
industry, must ultimately engage an immense outlay of capital 
and labor, at a point so advantageously situated as is Apple- 
ton. There two thousand wheels can be kept revolving by the 
falling waters of the Fox, with no interruption throughout the 
year. The amount of business now done on this unrivalled 
water-power is as follows : Paper manufactured §25,000 ; wag¬ 
ons and materials §18,000; lumber §10,000; staves and bar¬ 
rels §40,000; building §5,000 ; fllour §600,000 ; chairs §3,000; 
rakes §5,000 ; iron §7,000 ; miscellaneous §8,000. 
