376 
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
on the south-west side is mainly caused by too high trimming 
and wet feet. 
Plumb—This south west side deadness spoken of, is caused 
by the influence of the warm sunshine upon that portion of the 
tree during latter part of winter, warming it to softness, fol¬ 
lowed by severe freezing; the result is, a long frost-crack 
and dead sapwood. On the flow of sap in the spring, it stag¬ 
nates and decays, forming a favored depository for the eggs 
which produce the much dreaded borer; so much dreaded 
but lives only upon decaying w r ood. The remedy is obvious : 
First, low headed trees; plant upon the cool side or smmit of 
the hill; or bind strips of board, or some other light material 
on the south side, thus making a “ north side all around.” 
This injury is seldom or never found on the north side of the 
trunk. Frost cracking at the ground may be prevented by 
heavy banking with earth or mulch. 
Mr. Young—Have an apple orchard; trees all healthy and 
very thrifty, but yet no fruit; want light; we are promised 
that “ the tree shall bring forth it^ fruit,” but mine don’t 
fulfill the promise. 
Voice in the corner—There is a “seed time and harvest,” he 
that “ endureth to the end ” shall gather abundantly. 
Mr. Newton—Tried a number of ways; as successful as any 
is to summer prune. Ten years since planted a large orchard 
of eastern trees; in less than two years used them all for pea 
poles. Land slopes to the west; equally divided between sand 
and clay sub-soil; surface black soil; lost 100 trees; die as 
much in sand as in clay ; don’t underdrain, but plant on the 
ridges; know some sorts fail and others succeed, with no appa¬ 
rent cause. 
Quiner—Approve of cutting off a portion of the top to 
encourage fruit buds. Cut back just before the second period 
of growth, which commences in or about mid-summer. Root 
pruning is also very desirable in over-luxuriant trees. 
Willey—Over-luxuriant trees or those long coming into 
bearing, like the Northern Spy, can have their fruitfulness 
fastened by wringing a portion of the top. Select medium 
