380 
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
school children of his town, as that of the patron saint of the 
neighborhood. 
AH fruit trees which can be grown in Wisconsin, require so 
nearly the same kinds of soil and nourishment, that what may be 
said of the cultivation of the apple will apply to all others, and 
I shall confine what I have to say mostly to remarks upon that 
tree. The apple tree should be grown in ground thoroughly 
under-drained. No tree is more impatient of wet feet. The 
apple should find in the soil, besides vegetable matter, silica, 
(sand), alumina (clay), lime, potash, phosphates and soda, or in 
other words it requires the same nutriment as wheat and the 
other cereals. Of these minerals, silica and alumina, must be 
so abundant or permanent in the soil that the trees may find its 
supply of food during the long years of its existence; the others 
may be added from time to time on the surface of the earth. 
This being premised, I shall pass at once to speak of the soils 
in the different portions of the State, with reference to their 
adaption to the culture of fruit trees. These may be divided for 
our present purpose into three classes: those in which the 
underlying rocks are magnesian lime; those in which clay pre¬ 
dominates, and the Potsdam sandstone region. A reference to 
the Geological maps will point out these portions of the State; 
but as all do not have access to such maps, I shall designate 
them a little more particularly. 
The magnesian lime, upper and lower, covers all the southern 
portions of the State, having its northern boundary commence 
on the Mississippi river at LaCrosse, and running to the Wis¬ 
consin at Sauk City, thence to Loweville in Columbia county, 
thence to Marquette on Lake Apuckway, thence down the Fox 
liver to Rig Buttes des Morts, thence northerly about twenty 
miles back from the shore of Green Bay, to the Menomonie 
river. Ihese lines are by no means straight, but are bent in 
many places by the elevations or depressions of the country, the 
highest grounds being capped with lime, whilst the lowest fall 
into the sand rocks. 
The clay tracts are variously interspersed over both the lime 
and the sand regions; though it abounds most in the counties 
