412 
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
extra roots and suckers to start from the crown; the former 
filling the trunk with surplus sap, robbing it of its due share. 
j Beivare of Deep Planting. —Set high, using no stakes, but 
raise a flat topped or dishing mound around the tree; then 
mulch thoroughly with straw, coarse manure or other loose 
material, and throw a sprinkle of earth over it to prevent blowing 
away. If the tree will not stand then, cut off the top, and 
always shorten in the top— not trim up —proportionately as the 
root has been shortened in digging; this is all important. If 
the young growth of last year is left on, its numerous active 
buds will push out without much action of root; but when out 
must be fed or die; and the young spongioles not having got 
hold enough to supply the demand, exhaustion is liable to 
follow. It is easy enough to produce vigorous shoots if the 
root is vigorous, and one good strong, broad-leaved shoot, is 
worth a dozen old, yellow-leaved twigs to establish the tree. 
To remove large trees requires care and labor proportionate to 
their size, but it is seldom economy. We advise planting two 
to four year old trees; the larger the plantation, and the fur¬ 
ther transported, the smaller should be the trees. 
Plant your orchard the first year with root crops; never sow 
grain in it unless the trees are broadly and heavily mulched— 
better to cultivate them annually and carefully early in the 
season, giving them a moderate top dressing of manure if the 
soil is lean. Never turn your trees out to grass, if you would 
be a successful fruit-grower. 
Finally, with the true system in mind, do not fail to plant; 
and as perseverance in the right direction ivill bring success , your 
care and labor will be abundantly rewarded. 
On this subject of after-cultivation we have room to say but 
little. 
Which to Plant .—The third division of our subject, for the 
sake of economizing space, we present in connection with 
the new and valuable engravings of fruit furnished by the 
worthy Secretary of the State Agricultural Society. 
With the descriptions, remarks, and general arrangement 
therein presented, we trust the reader will find a chapter of 
