414 
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
for the first season. Re careful not to set trees too deep , I 
think that is one reason of so much failure; setting in the 
manner I have suggested, the tree will settle with the earth 
filled in the hole. Calculation should be made that when all is 
settled to its natural place, the tree shall not stand any deeper 
in the orchard than it did in the nursery. 
Watering the tree every few days, as is the practice of some, 
I deem to be injurious, as you lose the good results from hav¬ 
ing dry or rolling lands. If the tree is properly mulched, as 
it should be in all cases, it will not need watering unless the 
season is very dry. It is well to stake the trees one or two 
years, till the roots get a firm hold. 
4th, Culture. —Have always planted my orchard to corn. 
Any hoed crop will do; I am satisfied, from observation, that to 
sow any of the small grains is injurious. I hoe about my trees 
every year, plow as near as I can without injury to the roots, 
wash in the spring with weak lye or strong suds. Think I have 
had good results from splitting the bark of the tree lengthwise 
—would prune in the month of June—have learned to use the 
knife sparingly. 
Have successfully cultivated the following kinds: 
EARLY VARIETIES. 
Early Harvest —Early bearer; little tender. 
Sweet June —Early bearer; very hardy. 
Early Red —Hardy on dry lands; lost some on level land. 
Early Chandler (from Ohio)—Early bearer; very hardy; 
fine spreading tree. 
Fall Stripe —Early bearer; very hardy; 20 trees without a 
blemish. 
FALL VARIETIES. 
Utters Large —Early bearer; very hardy; fruit large. 
Rousseau —Early and profuse bearer; bears every year. 
Fall Winesap —Bears well; a little tender; best fruit. 
Late Strawberry —Very hardy; bears young. 
Sweet Pear —Hardy; good bearer. 
Belle Pippin —Very hardy. 
Orange Siveet (from Ohio)—Hardy; large fruit. 
