416 
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
Codlin, Autumn Strawberry, St. Lawrence, Early Pennock, 
Early Joe, Fameuse. 
Winter —Talman Sweet, Munson’s Sweet, Baily Sweet, De¬ 
troit Red, English Golden Russet, Westfield-Seek-no-further, 
Pomme Grise, Dominie, Rawle’s Janet, Winter Wine Sap, 
Northern Spy, Yellow Belleflower, Limber Twig, Willcw Twig, 
Red Romanite, Black Apple. 
The above varieties have all proved hardy on good soils and 
good locations. 
For a soil and location unfavorable for fruit, I would rec¬ 
ommend the following : Red Astrachan, Talman Sweet, Duchess 
of Oldenburg, English Golden Russet, Autumn Strawberry, 
Fameuse, Drap d’Or, Sops of Wine. 
From a pretty thorough examination into the causes of 
failure, where hardy sorts of the apple have not succeeded, I 
am inclined to think that a very large proportion of the losses 
have been from the want of good thorough drainage. No one 
should think of planting an orchard "where the water does not 
readily pass off from the surface, or when the ground is not 
well underdrained. Some sorts, such as the Dominie, Northern 
Spy, Keswick Codlin, Pomme Grise, and Rawle’s Janet, will 
be destroyed from this cause, where many other sorts will 
thrive and do well. For this reason they should occupy the 
most elevated and best drained portion of the orchard. 
I find that it is a very common practice to heap about the 
trees, in the fall, stable manure. I am satisfied that very many 
hardy trees have been killed in this way. A few shovels full 
of dirt, thrown about the trunk of the tree, will sufficiently 
protect the seedling stock, and if the trees need manuring, 
chip manure and leached ashes are not injurious, and much 
better for the purpose. 
In setting trees, lean them well over to the south-west. 
In nearly all the orchards that I have seen in the State, the 
trees, by the prevailing south-west winds, are thrown over 
toward the north-east; consequently, the bodies are exposed, 
and receive the full power of the sun’s rays in the hottest 
part of the day. Trees leaned well toward the south-west at 
