touching when built or in full shade of trees. The slanting early morning 
sun may not hurt them (or it may hurt some hybrids). It is not needed. The 
species miniata will endure a little sunlight morning or evening or a slight 
sprinkle in mid-day. Clivia foliage is a rich dark green as they contain much 
of the green coloring matter that absorbs sunlight and helps “digest” the 
carbon dioxide of the air, the principal plant food. Having so much chlorophyll 
they need no direct sun but do need light. 
In the south where temperature does not go below 28° in winter Clivias 
are quite hardy out doors. They may be planted anywhere in full shade. 
They will stand a little lower temperature for a short time. In our 1937 freeze 
when our cold lasted nearly two weeks and minimum temperature of 20° 
was reached three times we saved our Clivias by covering the plants with 
boxes, bulb trays, papers, etc. Foliage was badly damaged, some completely 
lost, but almost every one recovered full foliage the following season and most 
of them bloomed. 
Clivias like a rich soil. When fully established outside the ground can 
be heavily mulched with rotted manure and even leaves help. The soil must 
be well drained. An underlying stratum of gravel or sand or planting on a 
slope will furnish that. They like a fairly heavy but porus soil. Mix in 
plenty of humus and a little sand with the heavy soil. Spade deep and it is. a 
good plan to place an 8" compact layer of sticks, gladiolus tops or chips, etc. 
two feet under the surface. 
In potting Clivias give a large plant at least an 8" pot up to 12" or even 
more. Be sure drainage is “simply perfect.” Give them a cool room in winter, 
40° to 60° is about right. In February 70° will help bring the flowers. 
When flowering and later when in good growth Clivias respond to the use 
of liquid manure, which should not be too strong for any plant. 
The only insect enemy of Clivias is the mealy bug, a white bug apparently 
covered with cotton at base of leaves or above. They are easily controlled by 
using the sprays recommended by local seed and feed stores. Pyrethrum- 
rothenone sprays are preferred, next oil sprays. Use in a fly-sprayer. 
Crinums, Zephyrantbes and some others are hardy around Washington, 
D. C. Crinum capense, Lycoris squamigera (or Amaryllis Halli) are quite 
hardy in Ohio and Indiana. Every year we buy 100 or more Amaryllis Halli 
from Mrs. Buckingham of Indiana. Lycorus incarnata also makes leaf growth 
in the spring and should be equally hardy. These should be planted at least 
6" deep and top mulched in winter. The Crinum may be planted deeper. 
Bulbs must not freeze. Crinum Cecil Houdyshel has proven hardy as far north 
as Wichita, Kansas. Probably hardy to northern Ohio if planted 12" deep 
and heavily mulched. C. moorei is equally hardy, probably others. 
Other culture information if needed is added to description of species. 
Agapanthus umbellatus, the Blue Lily of the Nile. The name means 
“love-flower” and is suitable for the many flowered, large umbels of blue 
flowers. 
The plants are large and have a large rootstock instead of bulb. They 
are quite hardy in the South, but in the North should be grown in buckets or 
tubs, which may be wintered almost dry in light warm cellar or basement. 
They flower most all summer. They prefer partial shade in the garden but 
full sun in the house. 50c. 
Amaryllis belladonna. The Belladonna Lily, Lady Godiva Lily, Naked 
Lady Lily 'or Surprise Lily is common in southern gardens and is of exquisite 
beauty and spicy, intriguing fragrance. It is equally valued as a cut flower 
or in the garden. The common names are descriptive of its beauty and the 
habit of flowering before they are clothed with foliage. The flowers are in 
umbels. The variety major is a luscious pink thruout. It blooms in August 
if watered in late July. The minor is later and usually has a light throat. 
Some variations in color occur. 
Culture. In the south, plant the bulbs with top a little below the surface. 
Transplant about July 1, when bulbs become crowded and heave out of ground. 
They are semi-hardy and the foliage is little hurt by freezing. Even when 
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